(A) The main parts of the mold, function and safety requirements 1. Work parts The convex and concave molds are working parts that directly shape the blanks. Therefore, it is a key part of the mold. The punch and die is not only sophisticated but also complex. It should meet the following requirements: (1) It should have enough strength to not break or break in the stamping process; (2) It should have proper requirements for its materials and heat treatment to prevent the hardness from being too high and brittle. crack.
2. Positioning Parts The positioning parts are the parts that determine the installation position of the blanks. They are positioning pins (plates), block pins (plates), guide pins, guide plates, distance-side blades, and side pressure devices. The design of positioning parts should consider the operation is convenient, there should not be over-positioning, the position should be easy to observe, it is best to use the push-pull positioning, the positioning of the outer contour and the positioning of the guide pin.
3. Binder, unloading and discharging parts Binder parts have blank holders, press plates, etc.
The blank holder can press the edge of the drawn billet to prevent the billet from buckling under the effect of tangential pressure. The role of the press board is to prevent the billet from moving and bouncing. The role of ejector and ejector plate is to facilitate the out-of-stock and cleanup of waste. They are supported by air springs, rubber, and air-cushion push rods on the equipment and can be moved up and down. The ejector parts should have sufficient ejector force in the design and the movement must be limited. The stripper plate should be as small as possible in the closed area or in the operating position to mill the empty hand slot. The exposed stripper plate should be provided with a protective plate around to prevent the fingers from penetrating or entering the foreign body. The exposed surface edges should be blunt.
4. Guide parts Guide posts and guide bushes are the most widely used guide parts. Its role is to ensure that the male and female dies have a precise fit clearance during the stamping operation. Therefore, the gap between the guide pillar and the guide sleeve should be smaller than the blanking gap. The guide post is located in the lower die holder, to ensure that the upper end face of the guide post is at least 5 to 10 mm above the top of the upper formwork plate when the dead point is at the stroke. The guide posts should be located away from the module and the platen, so that the operator's arm does not have to feed material over the guide posts.
5. Supporting and holding parts It includes upper and lower formworks, die shanks, male and female die fixing plates, backing plates and stoppers. The upper and lower formworks are the basic parts of the die, and other various parts are respectively fixed and fixed on the top. The plane size of the template, especially the front-rear direction, should be compatible with the workpieces. Too large or too small are not conducive to operation.
Some molds (blank blanking, punching type molds) need to be set under the mold frame for the convenience of shipping. At this time, the backing plate is preferably screwed together with the template. The thickness of the two backing plates should be absolutely equal. The spacing of the backing plate is based on the outgoing parts, not too large, so as to avoid cracking the template.
6. Fastening parts It includes screws, nuts, springs, pins, washers, etc., and standard parts are generally used. The amount of standard parts of the stamping die is larger, and the need for fastening and elastic ejection should be ensured when the design is selected, and the fasteners are prevented from being exposed at the surface operating position, so as to prevent bruising and obstruction of operation.
(II) Safety Points for Mold Design
In terms of structure, it should be possible to ensure the convenience of feeding, setting, discharging, and cleaning the waste. For the processing of small parts, it is forbidden that the operator's fingers, wrists, or other parts of the body protrude into the mold area; for the processing of large parts, if the operator must hand-operate in the mold, the scope of the mold should be reduced as much as possible. Minimize the time for a part of the body to stay in the mold, and make sure the scope of the die danger zone is equipped with the necessary protective measures and devices.
The various parts on the mold should have sufficient strength and rigidity to prevent damage and deformation during use. The fastening parts should have anti-loose measures to avoid accidental injury to the operator.
Do not allow the phenomenon of waste or workpiece flying during processing, affecting the operator's attention or even injuring the operator. In addition, it is necessary to avoid the burrs from cutting parts to cut the hand. Operators are not allowed to have excessive movement when performing stamping operations, to avoid losing the stable posture of the body, and not to allow excessive and difficult movement during the operation. Should try to avoid the strong noise and vibration during stamping. The mold design should mark the weight of the mold on the general drawing to facilitate installation and ensure safety. More than 20 kilograms of parts processing should have lifting handling measures to reduce labor intensity. When assembling and disassembling the mold parts, it should be convenient and safe, avoiding the possibility of cutting hands or cutting hands; the molds should be easily disassembled and stored. In short, even subtle problems in the mold can affect safety. Only the analysis of specific problems in each operation can raise safety considerations in the mold.
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