According to foreign media New Atlas reports, lithium-sulfur batteries have better energy density and lighter weight, so it has great prospects as a potential successor to lithium-ion batteries. But emerging technologies have their own problems to overcome. Now, engineers have developed a new hybrid cathode for lithium-sulfur batteries, which seems to have better energy density than existing lithium-ion and lithium-sulfur batteries.
Generally, the cathode of a lithium-sulfur battery is composed of a sulfur-carbon matrix, and these sulfurs are constructed in one of two ways. Unfortunately, there are tradeoffs-they can choose to have a high energy density in terms of weight or a high energy density in terms of volume, but not both. In the most basic sense, this means that your battery is small and heavy, or light and large.
This is a problem addressed by the new research institute. Researchers from MIT, Samsung Advanced Technical College, Tongji University, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory participated in the study.
The researchers built their new hybrid sulfur cathode in an attempt to achieve the best of both worlds. The solid cathode is made of a combination of pure sulfur compressed together with Chevrel phase molybdenum sulfide particles. Because the end result is high conductivity, it does not require as much carbon-it only requires about 10% compared to the 20% or 30% required by other sulfur cathodes.
The team used the new cathode to create a three-layer soft-pack battery with a capacity of 1000-mAh, and said that it has been better than existing battery technology in some ways. Generally, the energy density of commercial lithium-ion batteries is up to 265 Wh / kg and 700 Wh / L. At the same time, the current lithium-sulfur battery energy density can reach 400 Wh / kg and 400 Wh / L.
The energy density of the new lithium-sulfur battery can currently reach 360 watt-hours / kg and 581 watt-hours / liter, which means it has a better weight energy density than lithium ions and a better volumetric energy density than other lithium-sulfur devices. The team believes that the energy density of the new lithium-sulfur battery will reach 400 Wh / kg and 700 Wh / l.
But the new lithium-sulfur cathode has a major disadvantage: life. For these batteries, this is a fairly common problem, and researchers say they are working to improve the overall battery design to overcome this problem. Other teams are solving it by improving the lithium anode.
The research was published in the journal Nature Energy.
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