The hog is a warm-blooded animal. The subcutaneous fat is thick, the sweat glands are not developed, and the heat energy in the body is slow. It can't regulate the body temperature by evaporating heat from the sweat glands. Therefore, in the hot summer, when the ambient temperature exceeds the optimum temperature of the pig, the meat In order to resist heat stress, pigs have significantly reduced activity and feed intake, resulting in extremely easy dropping and slow growth of pigs and even death from heat stroke.
According to relevant research data, the isothermal area of ​​pigs is 15-21 °C, and when the ambient temperature is higher than 21 °C, the growth and fattening intake will decrease by 60-100g for every 1 °C increase; the ambient temperature is lower than 15 °C. When the temperature drops by 1 °C, the feed intake of growing and finishing pigs increases by about 19.5g, and the daily gain decreases by 10-22g; when the temperature of the pigs with weight of 90kg is increased from 22.7°C to 31.4°C, the feed intake is from daily. 2.8kg dropped to 0.9kg; the effect of ambient temperature on pig feed intake was most obvious.
Effect of reducing feed on finishing pigs: The feed intake of pigs is divided into the amount of base material and the amount of material required for growth. When the amount of feed is reduced to the amount of base material, the pigs ensure direct performance of life: growth rate decreases or even loses weight. Increase the ratio of meat to meat (only eat no meat), increase the cost of breeding; indirect performance: the disease resistance of pigs decreased, the incidence of disease and drug costs increased. Signing in high temperature has a great impact on fattening pigs. In the hot summer, pig breeding must create a good environment suitable for the growth of pigs according to its climatic characteristics, and increase the growth rate of pigs by increasing feed intake:
1. The effect of high temperature on the heat stress of medium and large pigs is difficult to eliminate. Feed intake can only be increased by speeding up the ventilation of the pig house and actually reducing the temperature of the pig house. When the weather is hot, prevent heat stress and heatstroke in the pigs. If the temperature inside the house reaches 25 °C, it should be combined with the drip cooling system and the fan to speed up the exchange of gas inside and outside the house. If the temperature is above 30 °C, it can be combined with the atomization inside the house. The spray of oil and ten drops of water increase the freshness of the air in the pig house.
2, appropriate increase in feeding times (recommended not less than 3 times / day), and avoid high temperature time feeding, the implementation of night feeding pigs, can reduce daytime activities, increase the sleep time of pigs; in addition, less external disturbances at night The weather is relatively cool. After eating, the pig can sleep for more than 18 hours a day, which is conducive to the growth of pigs. Feeding time can be carried out before 7:00 am and after 6 pm, pay attention to cooling and sanitation before and after feeding. At noon, try to use the refreshing heat-clearing green feed to add vitamin C powder to the feed. Vitamin E powder can improve the immunity of the pig, enhance the resistance to heat stress, increase the feed intake and daily gain.
3, appropriate reduction of stocking density (can not be less than 1.8 square / head). By reducing the stocking density to reduce the pig's own heat production, thereby reducing the impact of stress, because the pig's weight, the thicker the subcutaneous fat, the greater the body heat discharge, the worse the heat stress resistance, it is very easy to cause heat Stressful heatstroke is very dangerous in pursuit of high-density feeding on hot days.
4, to ensure adequate clean and cool water source, to avoid open water exposure to prevent water temperature. The pool should be well protected to ensure that the water source is not exposed to direct sunlight and rain, leaves, etc. Regularly check the water output of the automatic drinker to ensure that the supply of clean water is high and the temperature of the pig will be affected. If the drinking water is sufficient, the body temperature will be affected. It will not rise under the regulation of water; pigs can also breathe out the air in the lungs by rushing to breathe away the excess heat in the body. Water is the best solvent and transportation tool for various nutrients. The elimination of waste in the body is also run by water. The body water of pigs accounts for 1/3-1/2 of the weight. In summer, the daily water consumption of pigs increases, and can drink 0.5%. Brine to regulate body temperature.
5, timely use of feed, adhere to the "advanced first use" principle, to maintain the freshness of the feed; can not backlog feed, to avoid mildew, rancid, affecting the feed intake of the herd.
6. Chinese herbal medicine can comprehensively coordinate the physiological metabolism of pigs at high temperature, promote the growth and development of pigs, improve the body's immune function; provide Chinese herbal medicine with heat-clearing and cooling function in hot environment to relieve the influence of hot environment on pigs, increase weight gain and feed. Utilization rate; drug heatstroke method available:
1 vinegar, pickled juice or added citric acid. After the pigs eat vinegar or vinegar juice, the body temperature of the pigs can be lowered in a certain period of time, so as to achieve the purpose of cooling and cooling off the heat. Each time you can take 250-500 ml orally, depending on the size of the pig body. The amount of citric acid added is 200 g / 100 kg of water, and each large pig is supplied with 3-4 kg of citric acid water per day.
2 Use the plantain and the light bamboo leaves to add water to the soup, mix with the feed to feed the pigs or for the pigs to drink freely. You can also pick up some Chinese herbal herbal teas such as honeysuckle, wild chrysanthemum, Prunella vulgaris, Trichosanthes, Plantain, etc. three times a month.
7. Do a good job of cleaning the sanitation, improve the resistance of the pigs, and do three times a day. It is especially important at noon. It can be avoided because the higher the temperature, the faster the fermentation of pig manure and urine, the stronger the ammonia smell. Injury to the nasal mucosa of pigs, causing sneezing to form lung diseases such as cough and respiratory diseases.
8. In the case of serious reduction of pigs (less than the normal amount of material reaches 0.5 kg / day / head), the diseased pigs are isolated for special care: ç…² pumpkin porridge, fermented material, water material, green material, strengthen Exercises, grazing in shades and other measures to enhance the disease resistance of pigs, and find ways to increase feed intake.
Plate rolling is a process of continuous three-point bending of sheet metal using a plate rolling machine. The equipment puts the sheet material between the upper and lower work rolls when rolling. The upper roller is raised and lowered vertically, and the two lower rollers rotate and move horizontally relative to the axis of the upper roller. When the upper roll descends, the plate is plastically deformed and bent between the upper and lower work rolls. The continuous rotation of the bottom roller drives the steel plate to advance and retreat through the friction between the plate and the roller to complete the coiling.
1. Pre-bending. When the plate is rolled, there is a length at both ends of the plate that does not bend because it does not touch the upper roller. It is called the remaining straight edge. In the process, the minimum force arm at which the plate starts to bend is called the theoretical remaining straight edge. The bending form (symmetrical bending, asymmetrical bending) is related.
2. Centering. The purpose of centering is to make the generatrix of the workpiece parallel to the roller axis to prevent skew.
3. Roll round. Rolling is the main process of product forming, which is divided into two types: one-time feed and multiple feeds. Multiple feeds are commonly used for rolling thick plates. The number of feeds depends on the technological constraints (such as the maximum allowable deformation during cold rolling) and equipment constraints (such as non-slip conditions and power conditions). When the rebound of the cold coil is significant, a certain amount of overcoiling must be added.
4. Straightening round. The purpose of rounding is to make the curvature of the entire circle as uniform as possible to ensure product quality. The general rounding process is divided into three steps:
(1) Load: According to experience or calculation, adjust the work roll to the position of the required maximum correction curvature.
(2) Rounding: Roll the roller 1 to 2 turns under the corrected curvature to make the entire curling rate uniform.
(3) Unloading: gradually unload the load, so that the workpiece is rolled several times under the gradually reduced correction load.
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