At the beginning of 2009, commissioned by the Industry Coordination Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, the China Automotive Engineering Society conducted a survey on the basic conditions of the auto parts industry and the status of product research and development capabilities. The survey was conducted in the form of a comprehensive questionnaire and a technical questionnaire. The survey covers key manufacturing companies in various professional fields of automotive parts, as well as major manufacturers of five major assemblies and their components, including engines, transmissions, axles, steering systems and brake systems. A total of 522 questionnaires were distributed and 148 were collected. A total of 119 technical questionnaires were distributed and 43 were collected. The following discussion is based on the results of this survey and combines visits and surveys of some complete vehicle and component companies.
(1) Lack of systematic planning
We currently lack systematic planning for the transformation, upgrading direction and policy measures of the auto parts industry.
The automobile industry policies of 1994 and 2004 all mentioned the development of auto parts. The "Automotive Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Plan" is the research and development, autonomy and industrialization of key automotive parts and components, and the merger and reorganization of parts and components enterprises. And repeated mentions on the export of parts and components, but this is not enough. We also lack systematic strategic design and policy design for the process of transformation and upgrading of the auto parts industry, including strategic objectives, implementation steps, standard regulations, Policy measures, etc.
We must consider auto parts as an industry, not only focusing on the supporting market, but also on the after-sales market; not only focusing on the domestic market, but also on the export market; not only focusing on high-tech components, but also focusing on different technical levels. The parts and components have a clear direction for the transformation and upgrading of China's auto parts industry.
(2) Lack of core technology is the bottleneck restricting development
Some recent cases have shown that the gap between China's auto parts products in the high-end technology field and the world's leading level has not gradually narrowed with the continuous growth of China's auto industry scale, but has an expanding trend. This is mainly manifested in: foreign-invested enterprises in the key components of automobiles, with strong technical strength, firmly occupy the commanding heights of market competition, Chinese auto parts manufacturers rely on foreign companies in core technology is quite high. In 2007, the proportion of foreign-funded enterprises in China's automobile EFI system, engine management system (EMS), ABS, micro-motors and airbags was 100%, 100%, 91%, 97% and 69% respectively.
The lack of core technology is also a bottleneck restricting the development of the component industry. Among the more than 5,000 auto parts companies in the country, there are currently more than 1,200 foreign-invested enterprises, and the trend of foreign-owned and controlled companies is becoming more and more obvious.
(3) Human resources and technical resources are weak links
In this survey, the survey results of “main factors that restrict enterprises' ability to improve product development†are particularly worthy of attention.
In the survey, a total of 13 factors were listed, including: human resources, financial resources, high-tech product technical resources, industry-university-research cooperation resources, government and industry support, corporate management level, corporate culture and incentives, and lack of corresponding Strategic planning, weak intellectual property protection, insufficient market share of enterprise products, non-active foreign joint ventures, and non-active and increasingly strict laws and regulations. The survey results show that the human resource factor is the first important factor restricting the ability of enterprises to improve product development, followed by high-tech product technology resources, and capital resources are also one of the more important factors.
In addition, the survey results of the “currently the most demanding product development capabilities of enterprises†also revealed some important issues. According to the survey results, in addition to 42.7% of enterprises that “complete process new product development†is the most needed product development capability, more than 50% of the total enterprises believe that the domestic product manufacturing process development, reverse development, adaptability Development and other three items are the most needed product development capabilities.
From this we can draw two conclusions: First, the current vehicle manufacturers' requirements for the product development capability of the parts and components enterprises are still at a lower level; second, the development of the self-owned brand vehicles and the improvement of the technical level will It plays an important role in promoting the independent research and development capabilities of the component industry.
(4) The “zero-relationship†situation has affected the improvement of competitiveness.
At present, the fragmentation of the parts industry and the weak ability to innovate are largely affected by the relationship between the supply situation, transaction methods and functional sharing of the vehicle manufacturers.
Based on the statistical results of this survey and corporate research, we can analyze the negative impact of the “zero relationship†on the competitiveness of the component industry as follows:
First, local protection plays a role in the “zero relationship†and objectively exacerbates the disorder.
Second, the supply relationship with OEMs is unstable, making component companies reluctant to conduct product research and development.
Third, the return on investment is not guaranteed, making it difficult for component companies to conduct product research and development. According to the survey results, in the pricing agreement between vehicle and parts companies, 25% of the cases do not consider the recycling of these investments at all, and the unstable relationship with the OEMs makes the parts companies dare not Investing too much money and energy in research and development.
(5) Insufficient innovation ability of industrial clusters, outstanding problems of low-level competition
China has basically formed six major component industry clusters such as Northeast China, Beijing-Tianjin, Central China, Southwest China, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. However, China's parts industry cluster is still in the initial stage of development, and there are many outstanding problems:
First, the situation of “scatter, chaos, and small†is more common. National auto manufacturers have set up industrial parks in order to support nearby ones. There are often dozens of manufacturers producing the same auto parts in a county, forming a situation of “scatter, chaos, and smallâ€.
Second, there is a lack of powerful key component leading enterprises. In 2007, Wanxiang Group, the largest component company in China, had revenue of 40.8 billion yuan, while Bosch Group, the world's largest auto parts company, had sales revenue of 36.2 billion US dollars in 2007. The gap between the two is huge.
Third, it is still in the stage of using low-cost advantages, and its innovation ability is insufficient.
(6) Many challenges are faced in the export and internationalization of parts and components
According to the survey, 84.2% of the companies that have no products to export have plans to export products in the next five years; 44.12% of the other internationalization initiatives have technology. Considering the output, 26.47% of the companies have plans to build factories overseas or make overseas acquisitions.
According to the survey data, 23.2% of the surveyed companies are exporting through their own sales channels, and their export strength has improved. However, the survey results on the processing of export products and major obstacles to exports also reflect many challenges in the export and internationalization of China's auto parts products:
First, the issue of localization of export product materials is worthy of attention. Regardless of whether the processing of incoming materials or the processing of incoming parts will increase the cost of product materials, localization of export product materials is very important, and only in this way can the advantages of low labor costs be effectively realized.
Second, the situation of low added value of export products has not changed. At present, the export of China's auto parts is mainly based on the factor cost advantage. Most of the exported parts and components are aluminum wheels, water tanks, glass, wire harnesses and other low value and high resource consumption products.
Third, enterprises have not paid enough attention to the intellectual property issues involved in the export of automobile products. Recently, China's auto parts companies and foreign companies have increased legal proceedings in intellectual property rights. However, from the perspective of the main obstacles to the export of parts and components, the problem has not attracted enough attention from enterprises.
(1) Lack of systematic planning
We currently lack systematic planning for the transformation, upgrading direction and policy measures of the auto parts industry.
The automobile industry policies of 1994 and 2004 all mentioned the development of auto parts. The "Automotive Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Plan" is the research and development, autonomy and industrialization of key automotive parts and components, and the merger and reorganization of parts and components enterprises. And repeated mentions on the export of parts and components, but this is not enough. We also lack systematic strategic design and policy design for the process of transformation and upgrading of the auto parts industry, including strategic objectives, implementation steps, standard regulations, Policy measures, etc.
We must consider auto parts as an industry, not only focusing on the supporting market, but also on the after-sales market; not only focusing on the domestic market, but also on the export market; not only focusing on high-tech components, but also focusing on different technical levels. The parts and components have a clear direction for the transformation and upgrading of China's auto parts industry.
(2) Lack of core technology is the bottleneck restricting development
Some recent cases have shown that the gap between China's auto parts products in the high-end technology field and the world's leading level has not gradually narrowed with the continuous growth of China's auto industry scale, but has an expanding trend. This is mainly manifested in: foreign-invested enterprises in the key components of automobiles, with strong technical strength, firmly occupy the commanding heights of market competition, Chinese auto parts manufacturers rely on foreign companies in core technology is quite high. In 2007, the proportion of foreign-funded enterprises in China's automobile EFI system, engine management system (EMS), ABS, micro-motors and airbags was 100%, 100%, 91%, 97% and 69% respectively.
The lack of core technology is also a bottleneck restricting the development of the component industry. Among the more than 5,000 auto parts companies in the country, there are currently more than 1,200 foreign-invested enterprises, and the trend of foreign-owned and controlled companies is becoming more and more obvious.
(3) Human resources and technical resources are weak links
In this survey, the survey results of “main factors that restrict enterprises' ability to improve product development†are particularly worthy of attention.
In the survey, a total of 13 factors were listed, including: human resources, financial resources, high-tech product technical resources, industry-university-research cooperation resources, government and industry support, corporate management level, corporate culture and incentives, and lack of corresponding Strategic planning, weak intellectual property protection, insufficient market share of enterprise products, non-active foreign joint ventures, and non-active and increasingly strict laws and regulations. The survey results show that the human resource factor is the first important factor restricting the ability of enterprises to improve product development, followed by high-tech product technology resources, and capital resources are also one of the more important factors.
In addition, the survey results of the “currently the most demanding product development capabilities of enterprises†also revealed some important issues. According to the survey results, in addition to 42.7% of enterprises that “complete process new product development†is the most needed product development capability, more than 50% of the total enterprises believe that the domestic product manufacturing process development, reverse development, adaptability Development and other three items are the most needed product development capabilities.
From this we can draw two conclusions: First, the current vehicle manufacturers' requirements for the product development capability of the parts and components enterprises are still at a lower level; second, the development of the self-owned brand vehicles and the improvement of the technical level will It plays an important role in promoting the independent research and development capabilities of the component industry.
(4) The “zero-relationship†situation has affected the improvement of competitiveness.
At present, the fragmentation of the parts industry and the weak ability to innovate are largely affected by the relationship between the supply situation, transaction methods and functional sharing of the vehicle manufacturers.
Based on the statistical results of this survey and corporate research, we can analyze the negative impact of the “zero relationship†on the competitiveness of the component industry as follows:
First, local protection plays a role in the “zero relationship†and objectively exacerbates the disorder.
Second, the supply relationship with OEMs is unstable, making component companies reluctant to conduct product research and development.
Third, the return on investment is not guaranteed, making it difficult for component companies to conduct product research and development. According to the survey results, in the pricing agreement between vehicle and parts companies, 25% of the cases do not consider the recycling of these investments at all, and the unstable relationship with the OEMs makes the parts companies dare not Investing too much money and energy in research and development.
(5) Insufficient innovation ability of industrial clusters, outstanding problems of low-level competition
China has basically formed six major component industry clusters such as Northeast China, Beijing-Tianjin, Central China, Southwest China, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. However, China's parts industry cluster is still in the initial stage of development, and there are many outstanding problems:
First, the situation of “scatter, chaos, and small†is more common. National auto manufacturers have set up industrial parks in order to support nearby ones. There are often dozens of manufacturers producing the same auto parts in a county, forming a situation of “scatter, chaos, and smallâ€.
Second, there is a lack of powerful key component leading enterprises. In 2007, Wanxiang Group, the largest component company in China, had revenue of 40.8 billion yuan, while Bosch Group, the world's largest auto parts company, had sales revenue of 36.2 billion US dollars in 2007. The gap between the two is huge.
Third, it is still in the stage of using low-cost advantages, and its innovation ability is insufficient.
(6) Many challenges are faced in the export and internationalization of parts and components
According to the survey, 84.2% of the companies that have no products to export have plans to export products in the next five years; 44.12% of the other internationalization initiatives have technology. Considering the output, 26.47% of the companies have plans to build factories overseas or make overseas acquisitions.
According to the survey data, 23.2% of the surveyed companies are exporting through their own sales channels, and their export strength has improved. However, the survey results on the processing of export products and major obstacles to exports also reflect many challenges in the export and internationalization of China's auto parts products:
First, the issue of localization of export product materials is worthy of attention. Regardless of whether the processing of incoming materials or the processing of incoming parts will increase the cost of product materials, localization of export product materials is very important, and only in this way can the advantages of low labor costs be effectively realized.
Second, the situation of low added value of export products has not changed. At present, the export of China's auto parts is mainly based on the factor cost advantage. Most of the exported parts and components are aluminum wheels, water tanks, glass, wire harnesses and other low value and high resource consumption products.
Third, enterprises have not paid enough attention to the intellectual property issues involved in the export of automobile products. Recently, China's auto parts companies and foreign companies have increased legal proceedings in intellectual property rights. However, from the perspective of the main obstacles to the export of parts and components, the problem has not attracted enough attention from enterprises.
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