In the second half of 2008, the cold wave of the international financial crisis swept the world, bringing chills to the Chinese economy, and the situation of economic growth and business difficulties. In order to maintain steady and rapid economic growth, the state has increased the public investment of the central government by 1.18 trillion yuan, and at the same time, it has promoted local support and social investment, resulting in an investment scale of 4 trillion yuan.
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance introduced that 4 trillion yuan of domestic investment is mainly invested in seven aspects: affordable housing projects; rural water circuit gas rooms and other livelihood projects and infrastructure; major infrastructure such as railways, highways, airports and water conservancy; Health, cultural and educational development of social undertakings; energy conservation and emission reduction and ecological engineering; independent innovation and structural adjustment; post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.
In 2009, the central government public investment arrangement was 908 billion yuan. As of the end of October, the Ministry of Finance has issued an investment budget of 768.8 billion yuan, with a progress of 85%.
With the release of the investment plan, a number of major railway projects have started construction, infrastructure projects such as highways and airports have been promoted in an orderly manner, urban power grids have been accelerated, and affordable housing projects, rural livelihood projects, social undertakings, and post-disaster reconstruction have been The Huimin project, which is directly related to the production and life of the people, has been completed, the construction of public service facilities has been significantly strengthened, and the housing conditions of low-income people in urban and rural areas have been improved, and the broad masses of the people have generally benefited.
The 4 trillion investment has made great contributions to maintaining growth and expanding domestic demand, and achieved remarkable results: from January to October this year, the national urban fixed asset investment completed a year-on-year increase of 33.1%, an increase of 5.9 percentage points over the same period last year, which spurred the national economy. Smooth and rapid growth played a major role.
In 2009, the central government's public investment, investment in people's livelihood projects, enterprise technology reform, independent innovation, strategic emerging industries, energy conservation and emission reduction, etc., further enhanced the scientific and technological innovation and energy conservation and emission reduction, and promoted the economic structure. The adjustment and adjustment of the development mode has promoted the enhancement of the ability of sustainable economic development.
Tax reduction: Enterprises and residents will reduce their burden by 550 billion yuan. "The days of enterprises have been much better. The national textile export tax rebate rate has increased to 17%. Enterprises have received tax rebates of 15.03 million yuan. Also, the state has implemented the VAT transition policy. The purchase of large-scale textile equipment and tax deduction of 630,000 yuan, the burden of enterprises has indeed reduced a lot." Li Hongxia, assistant general manager of Hangzhou Hongfeng Textile Group, said that Hongfeng's products are mainly sold abroad, affected by the global financial crisis, last year's enterprises Exports have fallen by half, even to the point of loss. However, this year's situation has improved. Not only has the decline in exports narrowed month by month, but the domestic market has also been fully opened.
Implementing large-scale structural tax reduction policies and reducing the tax burden on enterprises and individuals is an important part of active fiscal policy. Since the beginning of this year, the state has fully implemented the reform of value-added tax reform, and at the same time reduced the classification standards and value-added tax rate of small-scale model taxpayers, and encouraged the investment in machinery and equipment and the development of small enterprises. At the same time of lowering or canceling the “two high and one capital†VAT export tax rebate rate, since the second half of 2008, the export of high-tech products with high technological value and high added value such as labor-intensive and mechanical and electrical products has been improved seven times. The value-added tax rebate rate for goods has been lowered, and the import tariff rates for some energy resources products, raw materials and key components have been lowered in due course.
The structural tax reduction policy not only runs through the production field of enterprises, but also in the income and consumption of the people. On the basis of raising the standard of income tax deduction for personal income tax on two occasions, the personal interest income tax on savings deposits will be temporarily exempted, and the personal income tax will be temporarily exempted from the interest income from the securities transaction settlement funds obtained by the deaf investors in the securities market. At the same time, the vehicle purchase tax is halved for small-displacement passenger cars. The deed tax, stamp duty, and land value-added tax preferential policies are applied to the purchase of housing by individuals, and the preferential conditions for the reduction of business tax on individual transfer of housing are relaxed in due course.
According to estimates, the implementation of structural tax reduction measures can reduce the burden on enterprises and individuals by more than 550 billion yuan a year, equivalent to 8.3% of the budgetary revenue, and the intensity is unprecedented. Among them, the value-added tax transformation reduced the burden by 130 billion yuan; reduced the small-value model taxpayer's value-added tax rate by nearly 50 billion yuan; temporarily exempted from the savings deposit personal interest income tax reduced by about 32 billion yuan. From the situation of January to October this year, the comprehensive effect of the structural tax reduction policy is emerging, and the overall situation of economic operations is stabilizing.
Subsidies: Expanding Consumption and Improving People's Livelihood Near the end of the year, the Beijing auto market is still hot. On November 28th, Xiao Zhang, who lives in Beijing's Dazhong Temple, came to the Asian Games Village Auto Trading Market and joined the crowd of people who bought cars on the weekend. A red "Suzuki Swift" sedan attracted their attention: "The price of the car is more than 70,000 yuan, not expensive; 5 liters of fuel consumption per 100 kilometers, fuel economy; halving the purchase tax of 1.3, it is worthwhile. It is it!" Xiao Zhang and his wife happily paid a deposit for the "car".
The tax cuts detonated the “blowout†of the auto market. In the context of the sharp decline in global auto production and sales, Chinese autos have been alone. According to statistics, from January to October this year, the car purchase tax tax cuts reached 15 billion yuan. At the same time, from January to October this year, passenger car sales increased by 45.2% year-on-year, of which passenger cars below 1.6 liters increased by 63%.
While tax incentives stimulate consumption, it is also an important measure of active fiscal policy to encourage consumption expansion through subsidies and other means. Since the beginning of this year, the state has successively implemented policies such as home appliances going to the countryside, car and motorcycle going to the countryside, old-fashioned home appliances, and “new-for-new†vehicles. The farmers are subsidized for the purchase of household appliances, automobiles, motorcycles and other commodities, and the residents of the pilot cities are replaced with new ones. When purchasing home appliances, the government subsidizes the consumers who meet the conditions of the old car, the "Yellow Label Car" and the new car.
The implementation of these policies has effectively stimulated the release of consumption kinetic energy of urban and rural residents: As of November 23, 2009, “home appliances to the countryside†has sold a total of 30.61 million pieces of home appliances, with sales of 56 billion yuan and subsidies of 5.8 billion yuan. yuan. As of the end of October, the country's automobile and motorcycle to the countryside has subsidized 939,000 vehicles, and subsidized funds of 3.51 billion yuan; subsidized 2.28 million motorcycles and distributed subsidies of 1.32 billion yuan. In the nine provinces and cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Guangdong, Fuzhou and Changsha, the old-fashioned home appliance trade progressed smoothly. As of November 23, the pilot provinces and municipalities recovered a total of 2.64 million old electrical appliances. There were 2.28 million new home appliances in five categories, with a sales volume of 8.97 billion yuan.
It is fundamental to expand consumption and increase the income of urban and rural residents. This year, the central government increased the subsidies for the "three rural", arranged comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials, direct subsidies for grain, subsidies for improved varieties, and subsidies for agricultural machinery purchases of 123.08 billion yuan to effectively cope with the impact of the international financial crisis on China's agricultural production. It has provided strong support for the continuous harvest of grain for six consecutive years and the rapid growth of farmers' income for six consecutive years. At the same time, we will further improve the social assistance system for urban and rural residents and guarantee the basic livelihood of the people in need.
Under the situation that the contradiction between fiscal revenue and expenditure is very prominent, the central government optimizes the expenditure structure and focuses on ensuring and improving people's livelihood. In 2009, the central government spent 716.14 billion yuan on “three rural†expenditures, an increase of 120.59 billion yuan, an increase of 20.2%; used for education, medical and health care, social security, employment, affordable housing, and cultural aspects directly related to people's lives. The expenditure on livelihood expenditure was 728.463 billion yuan, an increase of 165.334 billion yuan, a 29.4% increase.
Gao Peiyong, deputy director of the Institute of Finance and Trade Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that in this round of "guaranteeing growth, expanding domestic demand, and adjusting the structure", the active fiscal policy has played the role of "main attacker." The implementation of the active fiscal policy is that both the fiscal expenditure and the fiscal revenue are simultaneously carried out, and the two clues work together. It is an "all-round" expansion, so its role is more direct, more powerful and more effective.
"When necessary, it is better to exchange the imbalance of fiscal revenue and expenditure in exchange for the stable development of economy and society. It is not only the basic principle of macroeconomics, but also the basic principle that China has always followed in the choice of fiscal policy." Gao Peiyong said that the implementation of a proactive fiscal policy, This year alone, a deficit of 950 billion yuan and the issuance of government bonds of the corresponding size were arranged. Although this may bring difficulties in fiscal balance, it can be exchanged for a situation in which the economy recovers as soon as possible and returns to a stable and fast development track. In any case, this price is worth paying.
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance introduced that 4 trillion yuan of domestic investment is mainly invested in seven aspects: affordable housing projects; rural water circuit gas rooms and other livelihood projects and infrastructure; major infrastructure such as railways, highways, airports and water conservancy; Health, cultural and educational development of social undertakings; energy conservation and emission reduction and ecological engineering; independent innovation and structural adjustment; post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.
In 2009, the central government public investment arrangement was 908 billion yuan. As of the end of October, the Ministry of Finance has issued an investment budget of 768.8 billion yuan, with a progress of 85%.
With the release of the investment plan, a number of major railway projects have started construction, infrastructure projects such as highways and airports have been promoted in an orderly manner, urban power grids have been accelerated, and affordable housing projects, rural livelihood projects, social undertakings, and post-disaster reconstruction have been The Huimin project, which is directly related to the production and life of the people, has been completed, the construction of public service facilities has been significantly strengthened, and the housing conditions of low-income people in urban and rural areas have been improved, and the broad masses of the people have generally benefited.
The 4 trillion investment has made great contributions to maintaining growth and expanding domestic demand, and achieved remarkable results: from January to October this year, the national urban fixed asset investment completed a year-on-year increase of 33.1%, an increase of 5.9 percentage points over the same period last year, which spurred the national economy. Smooth and rapid growth played a major role.
In 2009, the central government's public investment, investment in people's livelihood projects, enterprise technology reform, independent innovation, strategic emerging industries, energy conservation and emission reduction, etc., further enhanced the scientific and technological innovation and energy conservation and emission reduction, and promoted the economic structure. The adjustment and adjustment of the development mode has promoted the enhancement of the ability of sustainable economic development.
Tax reduction: Enterprises and residents will reduce their burden by 550 billion yuan. "The days of enterprises have been much better. The national textile export tax rebate rate has increased to 17%. Enterprises have received tax rebates of 15.03 million yuan. Also, the state has implemented the VAT transition policy. The purchase of large-scale textile equipment and tax deduction of 630,000 yuan, the burden of enterprises has indeed reduced a lot." Li Hongxia, assistant general manager of Hangzhou Hongfeng Textile Group, said that Hongfeng's products are mainly sold abroad, affected by the global financial crisis, last year's enterprises Exports have fallen by half, even to the point of loss. However, this year's situation has improved. Not only has the decline in exports narrowed month by month, but the domestic market has also been fully opened.
Implementing large-scale structural tax reduction policies and reducing the tax burden on enterprises and individuals is an important part of active fiscal policy. Since the beginning of this year, the state has fully implemented the reform of value-added tax reform, and at the same time reduced the classification standards and value-added tax rate of small-scale model taxpayers, and encouraged the investment in machinery and equipment and the development of small enterprises. At the same time of lowering or canceling the “two high and one capital†VAT export tax rebate rate, since the second half of 2008, the export of high-tech products with high technological value and high added value such as labor-intensive and mechanical and electrical products has been improved seven times. The value-added tax rebate rate for goods has been lowered, and the import tariff rates for some energy resources products, raw materials and key components have been lowered in due course.
The structural tax reduction policy not only runs through the production field of enterprises, but also in the income and consumption of the people. On the basis of raising the standard of income tax deduction for personal income tax on two occasions, the personal interest income tax on savings deposits will be temporarily exempted, and the personal income tax will be temporarily exempted from the interest income from the securities transaction settlement funds obtained by the deaf investors in the securities market. At the same time, the vehicle purchase tax is halved for small-displacement passenger cars. The deed tax, stamp duty, and land value-added tax preferential policies are applied to the purchase of housing by individuals, and the preferential conditions for the reduction of business tax on individual transfer of housing are relaxed in due course.
According to estimates, the implementation of structural tax reduction measures can reduce the burden on enterprises and individuals by more than 550 billion yuan a year, equivalent to 8.3% of the budgetary revenue, and the intensity is unprecedented. Among them, the value-added tax transformation reduced the burden by 130 billion yuan; reduced the small-value model taxpayer's value-added tax rate by nearly 50 billion yuan; temporarily exempted from the savings deposit personal interest income tax reduced by about 32 billion yuan. From the situation of January to October this year, the comprehensive effect of the structural tax reduction policy is emerging, and the overall situation of economic operations is stabilizing.
Subsidies: Expanding Consumption and Improving People's Livelihood Near the end of the year, the Beijing auto market is still hot. On November 28th, Xiao Zhang, who lives in Beijing's Dazhong Temple, came to the Asian Games Village Auto Trading Market and joined the crowd of people who bought cars on the weekend. A red "Suzuki Swift" sedan attracted their attention: "The price of the car is more than 70,000 yuan, not expensive; 5 liters of fuel consumption per 100 kilometers, fuel economy; halving the purchase tax of 1.3, it is worthwhile. It is it!" Xiao Zhang and his wife happily paid a deposit for the "car".
The tax cuts detonated the “blowout†of the auto market. In the context of the sharp decline in global auto production and sales, Chinese autos have been alone. According to statistics, from January to October this year, the car purchase tax tax cuts reached 15 billion yuan. At the same time, from January to October this year, passenger car sales increased by 45.2% year-on-year, of which passenger cars below 1.6 liters increased by 63%.
While tax incentives stimulate consumption, it is also an important measure of active fiscal policy to encourage consumption expansion through subsidies and other means. Since the beginning of this year, the state has successively implemented policies such as home appliances going to the countryside, car and motorcycle going to the countryside, old-fashioned home appliances, and “new-for-new†vehicles. The farmers are subsidized for the purchase of household appliances, automobiles, motorcycles and other commodities, and the residents of the pilot cities are replaced with new ones. When purchasing home appliances, the government subsidizes the consumers who meet the conditions of the old car, the "Yellow Label Car" and the new car.
The implementation of these policies has effectively stimulated the release of consumption kinetic energy of urban and rural residents: As of November 23, 2009, “home appliances to the countryside†has sold a total of 30.61 million pieces of home appliances, with sales of 56 billion yuan and subsidies of 5.8 billion yuan. yuan. As of the end of October, the country's automobile and motorcycle to the countryside has subsidized 939,000 vehicles, and subsidized funds of 3.51 billion yuan; subsidized 2.28 million motorcycles and distributed subsidies of 1.32 billion yuan. In the nine provinces and cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Guangdong, Fuzhou and Changsha, the old-fashioned home appliance trade progressed smoothly. As of November 23, the pilot provinces and municipalities recovered a total of 2.64 million old electrical appliances. There were 2.28 million new home appliances in five categories, with a sales volume of 8.97 billion yuan.
It is fundamental to expand consumption and increase the income of urban and rural residents. This year, the central government increased the subsidies for the "three rural", arranged comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials, direct subsidies for grain, subsidies for improved varieties, and subsidies for agricultural machinery purchases of 123.08 billion yuan to effectively cope with the impact of the international financial crisis on China's agricultural production. It has provided strong support for the continuous harvest of grain for six consecutive years and the rapid growth of farmers' income for six consecutive years. At the same time, we will further improve the social assistance system for urban and rural residents and guarantee the basic livelihood of the people in need.
Under the situation that the contradiction between fiscal revenue and expenditure is very prominent, the central government optimizes the expenditure structure and focuses on ensuring and improving people's livelihood. In 2009, the central government spent 716.14 billion yuan on “three rural†expenditures, an increase of 120.59 billion yuan, an increase of 20.2%; used for education, medical and health care, social security, employment, affordable housing, and cultural aspects directly related to people's lives. The expenditure on livelihood expenditure was 728.463 billion yuan, an increase of 165.334 billion yuan, a 29.4% increase.
Gao Peiyong, deputy director of the Institute of Finance and Trade Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that in this round of "guaranteeing growth, expanding domestic demand, and adjusting the structure", the active fiscal policy has played the role of "main attacker." The implementation of the active fiscal policy is that both the fiscal expenditure and the fiscal revenue are simultaneously carried out, and the two clues work together. It is an "all-round" expansion, so its role is more direct, more powerful and more effective.
"When necessary, it is better to exchange the imbalance of fiscal revenue and expenditure in exchange for the stable development of economy and society. It is not only the basic principle of macroeconomics, but also the basic principle that China has always followed in the choice of fiscal policy." Gao Peiyong said that the implementation of a proactive fiscal policy, This year alone, a deficit of 950 billion yuan and the issuance of government bonds of the corresponding size were arranged. Although this may bring difficulties in fiscal balance, it can be exchanged for a situation in which the economy recovers as soon as possible and returns to a stable and fast development track. In any case, this price is worth paying.
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