Die steel can be roughly divided into three types: cold work die steel, hot work die steel and plastic die steel. Used for forging, stamping, cutting, die casting, etc. Due to the different uses of various molds and complicated working conditions, the steel for molds should have high hardness, strength, wear resistance, sufficient toughness, and high hardenability and quenching according to the working conditions of the molds they manufacture. Hard and other process performance. Due to the different uses of these types and the complicated working conditions, the performance requirements for steel for molds are also different.
Cold working molds include: cold die , drawing die, drawing die, stamping die, wire die, rolling plate, cold die and cold extrusion die. Cold working die steel shall have high hardness, strength, wear resistance, sufficient toughness, high hardenability, hardenability and other process properties according to the working conditions. The alloy tool steel used for such purposes is generally a high carbon alloy steel with a carbon mass fraction of 0.80% or more. Chromium is an important alloying element of such steel, and its mass fraction is usually not more than 5%. However, some wear resistance is very high, and the deformation is very small after quenching. The highest chromium content can reach 13%, and in order to form a large amount of carbides, the carbon content in the steel is also very high, up to 2.0%~ 2.3%. Cold work die steel has a high carbon content, and most of its structure belongs to hypereutectoid steel or lysitic steel. Commonly used steels are high carbon low alloy steel, high carbon high chromium steel, chromium molybdenum steel, medium carbon chromium tungsten steel.
Hot work dies are divided into several main types : hammer forging, die forging, extrusion and die casting, including hot forging dies, press forging dies, stamping dies, hot extrusion dies and metal die casting dies. In addition to the large mechanical stress, the hot-deformed mold has to withstand repeated heat and cooling, causing great thermal stress. In addition to high hardness, strength, red hardness, wear resistance and toughness, hot work die steel should also have good high temperature strength, thermal fatigue stability, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, in addition to high requirements. Hardenability to ensure consistent mechanical properties throughout the section. For the die-casting mold steel, it should also have the surface layer subjected to repeated heating and cooling without cracking, and subjected to the impact and erosion of the liquid metal flow. This type of steel is generally a medium carbon alloy steel with a carbon mass fraction of 0.30% to 0.60%. It belongs to hypoeutectoid steel, and some steels become eutectoids due to the addition of more alloying elements (such as tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, etc.). Hypereutectoid steel. Commonly used steels are chrome-manganese steel, chrome-nickel steel, chrome-tungsten steel, and the like.
Plastic molds include: thermoplastic molds and thermoset plastic molds. Steel for plastic molds requires certain properties such as strength, hardness, wear resistance, thermal stability and corrosion resistance. In addition, it also requires good processability, such as small heat treatment, good processing performance, good corrosion resistance, good grinding and polishing performance, good repair welding performance, high roughness, good thermal conductivity and stable working size and shape. . Under normal circumstances, hot-formed die steel can be used for injection molding or extrusion molding; cold-formed die steel can be selected for thermosetting forming and molds requiring high wear resistance and high strength.
Die steel classification:
Cold work die steel
1 High carbon low alloy cold work die steel 9SiCr, 9CrWMn, CrWMn, Cr2, 9Cr2Mo, 7CrSiMnMoV, 8Cr2MnWMoVS, Cr2Mn2SiWMoV
2 anti-wear cold work die steel 6Cr4W3Mo2VNb, 6W6Mo5Cr4V, 7Cr7Mo3V2Si, Cr4W2MoV, Cr5Mo1V, Cr6WV, Cr12, Cr12MoV, Cr12W, Cr12Mo1V1
3 Impact resistant cold work die steel 4CrW2Si, 5CrW2Si, 6CrW2Si
4 Cold work die carbon tool steel T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12
5 High-speed steel for cold work die W6Mo5Cr4V2, W12Mo3Cr4V3N, W18Cr4V, W9Mo3Cr4V
6 Non-magnetic mold steel 7Mn15Cr2Ae3V2Wmo, 1Cr18Ni9Ti2. Hot work die steel
1 Low heat resistance hot work die steel 5CrMnMo, 5CrNiMo, 4CrMnSiMoV, 5Cr2NiMoVSi
2 medium heat resistant hot work die steel 4Cr5MoSiV, 4Cr5MoSiV1, 4Cr5W2VSi, 8Cr3
3 High heat resistance hot work die steel 3Cr2W8V, 3Cr3Mo3W2V, 5Cr4Mo2W2VSi, 5Cr4Mo3SiMnVAe, 5Cr4W5Mo2V, 6Cr4Mo3Ni2WV3. Plastic mold steel
1 Carbon plastic mold steel SM45, SM50, SM55
2 Pre-hardened plastic mold steel 3Cr2Mo, 3Cr2NiMnMo, 5CrNiMnMoVSCa, 40Cr, 42CrMo, 30CrMnSiNi2A
3 carburized plastic mold steel 20Cr, 12CrNi3A
4 age hardening plastic mold steel O6Ni6CrMoVTiAe, INi3Mn2CuAeMo
5 Corrosion-resistant plastic mold steel 2Cr13, 4Cr13, 9Cr18, 9Cr18Mo, Cr14Mo4V, 1Cr17Ni2In addition: in the steel plate (plate), there are also many materials listed in the mold steel series: 45 (45 #, 45), P20, S45C, S50C and so on.
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