Second, the main process problems in the processing of sleeve parts
The main technical problems of the general sleeve parts in machining are to ensure the mutual positional accuracy of the inner and outer circles (that is, to ensure the coaxiality of the inner and outer circular surfaces and the perpendicularity of the axis and the end surface) and to prevent deformation.
1. Guarantee mutual positional accuracy
To ensure the coaxiality between the inner and outer circular surfaces and the perpendicularity of the axis and end faces, the following three process options are generally available:
(1) Machining the inner and outer circular surfaces and end faces in one installation. This process scheme ensures high mutual positional accuracy by eliminating the influence of mounting errors on the machining accuracy. In this case, the main factor affecting the coaxiality between the inner and outer circular surfaces of the part and the perpendicularity of the hole axis and the end surface is machine tool accuracy. This process scheme is generally used in parts where the structure allows all surfaces with positional accuracy to be machined in one installation. In order to facilitate the clamping of the workpiece, the blanks are often made of a plurality of combined bar stocks, which are generally arranged on a machine tool with a more centralized process such as an automatic lathe or a turret lathe. The bushing parts shown in Figure 7-69 are typical parts of this solution. See Table 7-4 and Figure 7-70 for the processing procedure.
Table 7-4 Mechanical processing process of bar blank
Serial number | Process content | Positioning benchmark |
1 | Machining end faces, roughing of outer circular surfaces, roughing of holes, semi-finishing or finishing of outer circles, finishing holes, chamfering, cutting (see Figure 7-70) | Outer round surface, end surface (for material) |
2 | Machining another end face, chamfering | Outer surface |
3 | Drilling oil hole | Outer surface |
4 | Processing oil tank Finishing the outer surface (such as the less demanding bushing, this process can be replaced by the finishing car in the process 1) | Outer surface |
(2) All processing points are performed in several installations, the holes are first machined, and then the outer surface is machined with the holes as a positioning reference. The sleeve is processed by this method, and the hole finishing and rolling holes are often used in the hole finishing process, the production efficiency is high, and the processing caused by the poor rigidity of the mast and the grinding wheel rod at the time of the boring and the grinding hole can be solved. error. When the outer circumference of the sleeve is machined on the basis of the hole, the workpiece is mounted with a small taper mandrel of good rigidity. The small taper mandrel has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture, and the mandrel is mounted with two tips, and the installation error is small, so that high positional accuracy can be obtained. The bushing shown in Figure 7-71 can be processed by this scheme. The processing process is shown in Table 7-5.
Table 7-5 Machining process of single blank bushing
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