ã€China Aluminum Industry Network】 (1) Alkaline erosion process: Degreasing → Washing → Alkali etching → Washing → Washing → Light extraction → Washing → Washing → Oxidation, ie after deoiling Erosion treatment removes mechanical grain, natural oxide film, sanding, and then removes the surface black and gray from the light exiting tank to perform anodization. The core process of this process is alkali etching, and the smoothness of the surface of the profile and the quality of sanding are all determined by this process. In order to achieve the purpose of leveling the mechanical pattern, alkali etching is generally required for 12-15 minutes, the aluminum consumption is 40-50Kg/T, and the alkali consumption is 50Kg/T. Such high aluminum consumption is a waste of resources and brings serious environmental protection. Problems increase the cost of wastewater treatment. The process has been used for more than 100 years. Most of the world's aluminum plants are still in use today. Until the last two years, they were gradually replaced by acid etching.
(2), acid etching process: from degreasing → washing → etching → washing → washing → alkaline etching → washing → washing → light → water washing → washing → oxidation. After the deoiling profile, the material is etched first, then alkali etched, lighted out, and the pretreatment is completed. The core process of the process is acid etching, and the mechanical degaussing and sanding are determined by acid etching. Different from alkaline etching, the major advantage of acid etching is that it has strong mechanical texture, quick sand development, and low aluminum consumption. Generally, it can be completed within 3-5 minutes, and aluminum consumption is almost 1/8-1/6 of alkaline corrosion. From the perspective of work efficiency and resource conservation, acid etching is undoubtedly a major advancement in alkaline etching processes. However, the environmental problems of acid etching are even more pronounced: the escape of the toxic gas HF in the acid tank and the pollution of the water tank Fˉ. Fluorides are generally highly toxic and are more difficult to handle. In addition, after the etching treatment, the appearance of the profile is dark and dark, although the alkali corrosion and light emission may have to be extended, but it may be brighter, but it is still very dark, which increases the process and loses the gloss. These problems have not yet been effective. solution.
(3) Polishing process: It is composed of degreasing, washing, polishing, washing and washing. After the oil is removed, the profile is placed in the polishing tank. After polishing for 2-5 minutes, the mirror can be formed and can be directly oxidized after washing. The core process of the process is polishing, and the patterning and mirroring are all done in the polishing tank. Polishing has the advantages of low aluminum consumption and bright profile, but the escape of NOx in the polishing tank causes serious environmental pollution and physical injury to operators. At the same time, factors such as the cost of expensive chemical raw materials also restrict the promotion of the process.
Throughout the above three processes, although they have their own characteristics, but the disadvantages are also more prominent, such as high alkali consumption of aluminum, alkaline residue, low work efficiency; acid fluoride pollution, dark profiles; polishing pollution is serious, the cost is too high and so on. These processes either pollute the environment, or waste aluminum resources, or reduce the surface quality of aluminum, urgently need to carry out process improvement.
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