Safety ladders, also known as evacuation stairs, are used for emergency evacuation of residential, public buildings and multi-storey buildings. In addition to low-rise public buildings with high fire resistance and unit residential buildings with less than six floors, other residential buildings such as medical, performance, sports buildings and more than 5 floors of dormitory, hotels, etc., and more than 100-300 per floor according to regulations For multi-storey buildings with a square meter and a production capacity of more than 5 to 25 people at the same time, stairs for emergency evacuation should be considered in addition to the main staircase. For more than 10 floors of united houses or high-rise buildings, in order to prevent the vertical running ability of elevator shafts and stairwells in the event of fire in buildings, smoke-proof stairs are required.
The number and width of the safety ladders are determined according to the needs of the evacuated person flow, and the slope is not more than 45°. For safety gates to open to the aisle, fire doors with a fire resistance limit of 1.5 hours or more should be used, and automatic fire extinguishing equipment can be installed above. The door at the exit of the safety ladder should be open to the outside without obstructing traffic and must be connected to an outdoor site or road. If the evacuation stairs are set outdoors, the smoke is fast and the evacuation effect is better. The safety ladders are mostly cast-in-place reinforced concrete stairs or steel stairs.
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