Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have used light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to release more light power than the electrical power they consume through a socket switching device. The power conversion efficiency can reach over 100%.
The principle of LED lighting is to convert electrical energy into light. At present, one of the biggest obstacles to designing LED lights that are both bright and efficient is to increase the output power of LED lights, which results in a decrease in their efficiency. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology explained that their research results have greatly reduced the voltage applied. According to calculations, when the voltage is reduced to one-half, the input power is reduced by four times, and the emitted light power is consistent with the voltage, which also reaches half. In other words, the LED luminous rate increases as the output power decreases.
In the experiment, the researchers reduced the input power of the LED, only 30 picowatts, and measured the output of 69 picowatts of light, the efficiency of up to 230%. The same physical machine is used for any LED. Under the applied voltage, electrons and holes have a certain probability to generate photons. Instead of trying to increase this probability like other studies, researchers use the small amount of waste heat generated by the vibrations of the atomic lattice that occurs in the device to generate more electricity.
This process of utilizing the residual heat to make the LED cool down slightly, operates like a thermoelectric cooler. Although at room temperature, cooling is not sufficient to provide a practical temperature, it may be used to design a lamp that does not generate heat. When used as a heat pump, the device can help solid-state cooling applications, even generator equipment.
In theory, this low-voltage strategy can produce any high-efficiency photon at low voltages, and the researchers hope that the technology will provide a new method for testing energy-saving electromagnetic wave communications. Although this method is very interesting in science, it will not immediately lead to the commercialization of ultra-efficient LEDs because the demonstration project can only produce a small amount of light with very low input power.
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