Types of lubricant additives

In order to improve the physicochemical properties of the lubricating oil, a certain amount of additives are added to the lubricating oil to improve its performance; it is better to meet the needs of mechanical lubrication. There are many kinds of lubricating oil additives, and they are divided into two major categories from the perspective of their functions. One is to improve the physical properties of lubricating oils. There are index of improvement additives, oil additives, pour point depressants and anti-foam agents, which can make lubrication. Oil molecules deformation, adsorption, solubilization; the other is to improve the chemical properties of lubricating oils, extreme pressure anti-wear agents, antioxidants, anti-oxidant anti-corrosion agents, rust inhibitors and detergents, their own and Lubricants react. From the point of view of the mechanism, there are also two types. One is to achieve the purpose of lubrication by interfacial chemical action, and there are additives (oily agent, anti-wear agent, extreme pressure agent), metal surface passivation agent, rust prevention, and anticorrosion agent to improve the bearing capacity. , Clean dispersant, pour point depressant, anti-foam agent; The second is to rely on the overall properties of the lubricant to achieve the purpose of lubrication, with antioxidants, increasing station agent. Regardless of the classification, lubricating oil additives (except polyisobutylene) are mostly composed of polar compounds.

It should be pointed out that although the classification is based on the properties, mechanism of action, and use of the additive, the actual use is a combination of various additives to promote each other and complement each other, resulting in better lubricating performance and more desirable product. Such as rust-proof oil, it is necessary to add a variety of rust inhibitors, but also add antioxidants, surfactants, even if a certain type of lubricating oil plus a certain type of additive, is not only a single species, but several simultaneously , Play a synergistic effect. At the same time, it must also be noted that there must be restrictions on the amount of added material, which means that the quantity will not reach the goal, and the quantity will not only be wasted, but will also increase the cost of lubricants. It will also cause side effects and cause delamination and precipitation. The specific amount of addition is related to various factors such as the structure of the base oil, the depth of processing, whether or not additives have been added, and the experience needs to be summarized in practice. Tables 1 to 4 list the types, varieties and major compounds of the lubricating oil additives.