Sensitive smoke alarms in buildings

Travel to Germany, the first night of accommodation, the guide repeatedly stressed: "Do not smoke in the room, not only in Germany, the entire journey of the hotel are non-smoking." The tour guide also warned, "Otherwise, caused an alarm, You are responsible for all the consequences of the fine, etc. Don't say I didn't tell you!"

The author does not smoke and also opposes smoking in the room. I have been to Germany many times and it is also an experience to go out to live in. After finding the room, do not immediately close the bath or immediately go to bed. You should pay attention to the direction of the emergency passage in the hotel, be familiar with the location of the corridor fire extinguisher, and you will not use the magnetic card door in the hotel. In many European countries, the rooms are not only magnetic card doors, but there is also a magnetic card door not far from the corridor. The magnetic card cannot leave the room and try to open the door to prevent accidental emergency events at night when the escape channel is blocked. Most star-rated hotels in Germany and Europe, no matter how many floors, there are no waiters on each floor, only the hall that has just entered the door is on duty. One year, I traveled to Frankfurt and stayed at a four-star hotel. The conditions and environment did not speak. The whole group of 25 tourists, two people in a room, just odd number, this number is exactly the turn of my turn. Others live on the third floor, two people's room, only one single room I was arranged to the 6th floor. Due to the small number of passengers, the entire 6th floor was just one person on my head and went upstairs alone. The lighting in the corridor was dim, but the facilities in the single room were all available. The next day I went back to the tourist bus and talked about it. The tour guide said, "You're looking at it, spending the same amount of money in a single room."

European star-rated hotel rooms are carpeted and do not allow smoking in the rooms themselves. Each room has a system-sensing setting. When the indoor smoke concentration reaches the specified target, the fire alarm sound of the entire building will rush and the entire building staff will run out to find out the reason. If the siren has always been rushing, everyone will rush to the outside. Fire-fighting devices are very sensitive. They are rather shocking and do not think it is a fuss.

The fire brigade arrived on the scene within 8 minutes after receiving the alarm

Germans have a very strong sense of fire prevention, fire fighting, and heavy defense. German nationals are always on the ground of vigilance against fires and are ready to eliminate the fire in the bud at any time. Kindergarten education begins with a fire and disaster prevention lesson. Kindergartens will organize children to visit the fire station and have a long experience. Together with firefighters, they learn fire fighting knowledge and common sense of avoiding fire. From childhood, they have deepened their impression of fire prevention. From elementary school to university, it is arranged for the fire brigade to visit and study, as well as to watch the documentary about the fire accident.

A local Chinese guide (local Chinese tour guide) said that when school in Germany, there was a school arranged to watch a document about a fire accident. The real record screens were so ruthless and bloody. We must educate us about the safety awareness of fires. . In fact, in order to reduce the hidden dangers of fire, in addition to the individual needs to have safety awareness, the indoor fire protection system is an effective and necessary safety measure.

Perhaps because of the younger age when seafarers often enter and leave the port of Germany, I have found that Germany, whether it is a large port or a small port, is a fast port in the words of seafarers. The ship arrived at the port immediately, and the general cargo ship docked at the dock for less than a week. (some developing countries have more than one month). So, I don't agree with the slow pace of the Germans that some of my country said. You can imagine that if everything is slow, it always takes forever, food and drink, how can the German economy develop? The German leader has a similar understanding with me. He said that in Germany, it is not a slow pace, but a fast pace. The fastest fire engines and ambulances, siren rings, all lanes and alleys to make way, it is not discussed. He said that in Germany, when fire engines are heard, do not think that there are so many fire accidents. It should be said that the German fire brigade loves to mobilize and mobilize the police. However, such actions make residents feel safe.

Each city in Germany has its own distinction between the old and new urban areas. The buildings in the old city are preserved heritage-grade buildings. The streets are narrow, and some are even horse carriage lanes in ancient stone shops. This requires that fire protection is the most important aspect of life. weight. Whether it is an ordinary residence or a commercial outlet, there is a fire-fighting sensor setup. The kitchen food is boiled, and the burnt smell alarms. The fire engine arrives for a moment. The fire station aims to receive an alarm call after 8 min . You must arrive at the scene and take a rescue.

In Germany, unless your car accidentally catches fire on the road, you need to make an artificial alarm. Almost all the alarm devices in other buildings are connected to the fire brigade. Once the alarm is sounded, the fire brigade and the ambulance team immediately know that they will arrive directly at the scene of the accident. , everything is very complete and perfect. However, when there were artificial alarms, they were all reported by onlookers who discovered the fire or other emergencies. From the alarm to the fire brigade arrived at the scene will be a few minutes, race against the seconds. Even if the accident did not happen, people feel a little rash, and the fire brigade will be on the scene to see the truth. Checking where to find the fault will not leave it. The firefighters have to follow the procedures carefully and carefully to find the reason until they think there is no security risk. Many of the designs in Germany are very user-friendly and very considerate and attentive.

Firefighting team, the combination of government, enterprise and people

Fire-fighting schools are established in 16 cities and states in Germany . Professional firefighters are trained by fire schools. To become a junior commander or professional technician, you need to attend 18 months of fire officer training and then pass the state level exam to be hired. To become an advanced firefighter, you need to participate in senior fire officer training for 27 months, pass exams and thesis defense, and go to the grassroots for six months. More than 90 % of the fire officers and professional technicians are volunteering to engage in firefighting and training after graduation.

In Germany, firefighters have a very high social status and trust. In the eyes of the Germans, firefighters and first responders are their most trusted professions. In contrast, politicians, insurance agents, and advertisers have the lowest levels of trust. According to a survey, firefighters have a trust rate of 97% . The reason is that when a person is engaged in a career that helps others, everyone naturally thinks that his character is good, and that good people are more likely to gain trust.

Germany's volunteer fire stations have at least 2 fire engines, and some even have up to 10 fire engines. The personnel structure of the fire station is divided into three aspects: 1 ) The Ministry of Operations, composed of 18-60 -year-olds who participate in fire fighting and disaster relief, and must have a work unit or place of residence, and can guarantee the arrival of the disaster within 8 minutes ; 2 ) The Youth Department is composed of people under the age of 18 ; 3 ) The Senior Ministry is composed of people aged over 60 . The latter two people mainly participate in firefighting propaganda, serve voluntary fire stations and hold some fire-related activities.

To a large-scale fire, it will be sent to the fire to do some non-dangerous service work. The volunteer fire brigade has many women members, and the professional fire brigade has very few women members.

According to German law, all cities that have a permanent population of more than 80,000 people must establish an all-weather firefighting headquarters, namely a permanent and full-time firefighting team, and handle firefighting operations 24 hours a day . Small towns with less than 80,000 people may not have a full-time fire brigade, but they must have a daytime fire brigade, employ firefighters, and handle daily firefighting operations. Germany's 16 states currently have 24 fire stations, fire department 35000, 34000 firefighters, fire brigade, more than 900 companies, about 2 million people, and 2.5 million branch volunteer fire brigades, 1.3 million duty firefighters . Corporate fire brigade and volunteer fire brigade do not undertake social rescue tasks outside their own communities. There are 14 firefighters per 1,000 people in Germany , and one fire department per 2,300 people. Fire department after receiving the fire alarm distress call of the people, it must be within 8 min rushed to the scene, but also provides the most basic forces arrived at the scene 10 firefighters, fire engines and a water pump, a water tank fire engines, ladder climb a car. After 3 min, but also have reinforcements arrived at the scene, at least six people but also to reinforce firefighters, fire engines and a water pump.

The Germans have a strong sense of disaster prevention, and there is a large amount of private firefighting. Now, more fire engines are operated by the National Civil Fire Bureau than by the government's Fire Department. According to statistics, the country has a volunteer fire department fire engine pumps and tank fire truck 40000 vehicles, rescue vehicles and rescue vehicles 38,000 vehicles, climb ladders 1700 vehicles. The government-run fire stations have pumps and tank fire engine fire truck 1500 vehicles, rescue vehicles and rescue vehicles 4500 vehicles, climb ladders 500. This figure shows that the German government attaches great importance to and supports the development of civil fire forces. The government has established a civil defense plan. All localities are eager to purchase fire engines first. In the event of a fire, mutual assistance will be provided. This is a good tradition for Germans.

Scientific prevention, high-tech fire fighting

The German fire department believes that fire science and technology is an applied science and technology, and therefore attaches great importance to the use of scientific research results for the fire department. German Fire Association and federal fire research center founded in 1950, whose purpose is to promote, develop and improve fire science and technology.

German helmets equipped with helmets for firefighters can transmit images of fire scenes via radio; the attached detectors can also monitor the physical condition of the firefighters and the operation of their equipment. In addition, the fire-fighting equipment company's video wireless transmission technology can transmit the image captured by the helmet camera to the headquarters. German firefighters also rely on a large number of high-tech equipment to deal with the leakage of harmful substances. Some firefighters are equipped with detectors for harmful substances and can detect more than 40 kinds of gas and chemical weapons. In case of danger, they can also call the chemical plant fire brigade to provide support.

The number of fire alarms in Germany is 112. In addition to accepting fire prevention, civil disaster prevention and fire fighting services, the Fire Services Department also handles rescue and emergency services. In other words, firefighting and first aid are bundled. There is a fire engine on the scene and there must be an ambulance to follow up. In fact, the number of times the fire brigade played in the fire is far less than the number of rescues and rescues. On average , only one out of eight attendances is fire-fighting.

German fire drills do not go through the court. Fire extinguishing equipment must be used by everyone. Everyone must know where the fire fighting equipment is stored. It is essential for any unit to conduct fire drills, once a year or less. Every unit and each building has a good evacuation route and meeting place for people to take preventive measures. In Germany, teenagers over the age of 10 participate in firefighting exercises and training in their spare time. Although they are not really involved in firefighting, long-term exercises and training have given them a very professional knowledge of firefighting and have become a reserve force that can be ignored by German volunteer firefighting teams. This is a very special and effective way to cultivate a sense of civil society responsibility.

In many cities in Germany, it is not difficult to see outdoor escape ladders. It is a building with a beautiful appearance. There are passages and stairs made of iron railings on the outside, and it affects the visual effect. This is an emergency passage.

Sometimes there are some seemingly desolate roads around the building, about the width of a car. These are dedicated fire truck passages. In the event of a fire, to ensure that the fire truck can be opened to any location that is convenient for extinguishing or saving people. Therefore, if there are no available roads on either side, special passages for these fire trucks must be dedicated and marked with special signs to ensure they are not occupied. Because these dedicated fire exits are used only for emergencies, they are usually empty, so it looks a bit bleak. Do not look at the empty, but do not occupy these passages, such as parking. Parking illegally in this kind of place is to pay a fine twice as often as usual. The various regulations and systems in Germany can indeed make people feel safe and secure.

This article is from the "World Expo", reprinted to discuss and popularize knowledge of fire prevention. If there is infringement, please contact us.