Rice smut disease is aggravated year by year.

Rice false smut is a fungal disease that occurs in the late stage of rice. It has been widespread in various rice areas in recent years and has been increasing year by year. It has become one of the main diseases of rice in Hubei Province. Rice false smut causes rice grain weight, yield decrease, glutinous rice and broken rice to increase, and rice yield and quality decrease. The pathogen contains toxic substances and pathogenic pigments to humans, animals and poultry. After feeding the pigs with more than 0.5% of the diseased valleys, the pigs grow and the rate of weight gain decreases; the sows produce stillbirth, and the survival of the deformed fetuses and piglets is reduced. It has a direct adverse effect on human health.
First, the incidence of rice smut is mainly due to the sclerotia wintering in the soil, and secondly, it can also be overwinter in the damaged grain or the health glutinous shell by thick sorghum. From July to August of the following year, when the sclerotia and chlamydospores meet suitable conditions, they can germinate to produce ascospores and conidia, invade the rice flower and young plants, causing harm. After the infection of the pathogen, firstly, the pale yellow mass is exposed at the joint of the glume, and then the swelling is as a ball, and the whole hull is wrapped into an ink green, and finally the crack is formed, and the dark green powder is emitted. After the formation of sclerotia, falling into the soil for winter.
Second, the disease conditions 1, the weather and rice smut disease are closely related. The most suitable onset temperature is 262-8 °C. The temperature is above 32 °C to inhibit the onset. Where the rice is at the end of the booting stage, the temperature is suitable, the number of days above 32 °C is small, and the rainfall is relatively large (or high relative humidity), which is conducive to the occurrence and prevalence of rice false smut. 2, the variety difference and the severity of the disease have a certain relationship. In recent years, the occurrence of rice false smut indicates that japonica rice, high-quality rice, aromatic rice and japonica rice are heavier than ordinary japonica rice. In addition, medium rice is heavier than late rice. Early rice generally does not develop. 3, the quality of cultivation management and the severity of the disease also have a certain relationship. In the middle and late stages of rice growth, if the application of nitrogen fertilizer is too much, resulting in late maturity of rice, it will aggravate the development of disease, and the diseased grain will increase accordingly.
Third, the prevention and treatment methods 1, the selection of disease-resistant varieties. There is a significant difference in resistance among rice cultivars. The selection of disease-resistant varieties is the primary economic and effective measure for controlling rice smut. Avoid planting in diseased fields, especially in heavily ill fields. 2. The diseased field should be deepened after the rice is harvested in order to bury the sclerotium into the soil. Pay attention to the removal of diseased residues and pathogens in the field before planting rice. Rational fertilization, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium should be used together, do not apply nitrogen fertilizer. 3, timely spraying and prevention. In view of the fact that rice smut is mainly affected by rice infection at the end of the booting stage to the rupture stage, the first dose of medicine is sprayed in time from the end of the booting stage to 2-3 days before the rupture period, and the second medicine is sprayed at intervals of 7 days to effectively control the rice. Melanosis. The control effect at the heading stage is very poor. The type and amount of the drug (optional) are as follows: (1) 150 grams per "mu". (2) 150-200 grams of 18% chlorhexone powder per acre. (3) 200 g of 5% Jinggangmycin per acre. (4) Use 20% of rusting (also known as triadimefon) emulsifiable concentrate per acre. (5) Spray 50-150 g of water with 50% carbendazim wettable powder per acre. (6) 50% makes Baigong WP (also known as rice disease once clean) sprayed by 2000-3000 times liquid. (7) Spray 15-20 ml per acre with “Love Miao”.

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