Eggplant gray mold mostly forms near-circular or irregular round-shaped plaques on the leaf surface, and is light yellow or brown water-immersed in the early and middle stages. This is due to conidia and pollen with pathogens and petals scattered to the leaves. The surface is formed by infestation. In the late stage of the disease, some lesions ruptured from the middle and spread along the veins. Under the condition of high humidity, gray molds will grow at the lesions. In severe cases, the lesions will spread to the petiole, causing the petiole to break.
Some plants will form new infestation points in the aging tissues after the occurrence of physiological diseases and fertilizers; the stems can also produce brown water-immersed lesions, and the gray mold layer can also grow when the humidity is high. . In the early stage of the disease, water-stained small spots are formed. After expansion, they are long-elliptical and light brown. Under the condition of high humidity, the surface will be gray-white mildew.
Sometimes the pathogen will directly infect the base of the stem. In severe cases, the lesion often surrounds the stem for a week, causing the stem to rot, become thin and necrotic, and the plant material transport is blocked, eventually leading to wilting and necrosis of the whole plant. This symptom often occurs in old and old In the shed; the infection of the flower pathogen on the flower head occurs mostly on the stigma and the edge of the petal, invading to form yellow or brown lesions, and spread to the receptacle in the later stage. In severe cases, the whole flower is wilting, rotten, and moldy; the eggplant gray mold is mainly harmful. Young fruit. Most of this is caused by the indirect infection of flower organs by the pathogens. Studies have shown that the incidence of young fruits with pathogens is much higher than that of the leaves without pathogens.
There are four main ways in which pathogens infect fruit:
1 The residual necrotic petals with pathogenic bacteria develop into the cracks between the fruit surface and the bracts, causing the onset of bracts and fruit pedicles. The water-immersed yellow-brown lesions are formed around the fruit pedicles, and gradually darkened after darkening. Gray mold layer is produced and further developed to the shoulder and other parts.
2 Infected by the stigma of the young fruit, it is a brown spot with dip-like browning. It gradually enlarges and is yellow-brown. The surface produces a gray mold layer and spreads to the umbilical cord under suitable conditions.
3 directly infect the bracts, causing the pedicle to rot.
4 The fruit surface is infected by the diseased fruit. After the fruit is infected, it generally does not fall off. When it is serious, it produces black granular sclerotia, and then gradually loses water, discolors, rots and loses the value of the commodity.
The eggplant gray mold pathogens are overwintered by conidia, mycelium on the diseased body or by sclerotia in the soil. In the open field and the greenhouse, it is mainly spread by conidia. When the spring conditions are suitable, the sclerotia produces mycelium, which produces conidiophores and conidia. Conidia are mainly spread by airflow, rainwater, and farming operations. Conidia grow out of the germ tube under suitable conditions, from the wounds, stomata or direct invasion of the plant. The conidia produced from the disease can be transmitted by airflow or farming operations to carry out the infection cycle.
The pathogens prefer low temperature and high humidity environment. The most suitable period of growth is from the beginning of flowering to the fruit setting period, and the incubation period is 5-7 days. Botrytis is a high-humidity disease. When the relative humidity is above 80%, the onset of the disease begins. When the relative humidity is above 90%, it is conducive to the occurrence of the disease. The relative humidity of 60% to 70% is not conducive to the occurrence of the disease.
The open field is cloudy and rainy, the light is insufficient, the temperature is low, and the gray mold is prone to serious occurrence. Poor ventilation in protected areas, continuous cropping for many years, excessive planting density, poor management, less organic fertilizer, more nitrogen fertilizer, imbalance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, etc. are conducive to the occurrence of gray mold. When the gray mold disease is serious, the cold weather is long, and the humidity in the shed is large, the dose can be appropriately increased, and the mixed use of the different bacteria urea or copper is used.
Control methods Ecological and agricultural cultivation measures:
1. Adjust greenhouse environmental conditions
Since gray mold is a low-temperature and high-humidity disease, cultivation measures can be adjusted to reduce the exposure and exposure time of leaves and fruits in the greenhouse, and prevent the occurrence of gray mold. Foreign countries mainly control eggplant gray mold by reducing humidity. However, in China's greenhouse, because there is no condition to reduce humidity, only the method of releasing wind and adjusting temperature can be used to control gray mold. Generally, the method of "temperature control in the morning and humidity control in the afternoon" is adopted to control the occurrence of gray mold. In the sunny morning, when the temperature of the shed rises to 30 °C, the air starts to blow. At noon and afternoon, the wind continues to be released, and the temperature of the shed is kept at 23 °C to reduce the humidity. When the temperature of the shed drops to 20 °C, the greenhouse is closed, so that the night temperature is kept at about 15 °C, and the door is opened and ventilated on a cloudy day;
2, mechanical control
In the early stage of the disease, the petals, stigma, diseased fruit and diseased leaves containing the lesions are removed to prevent the pathogens from further spreading to other sites. 10~15 days after the flowering, the petals and stigma remaining in the young fruit are removed, and some of the diseased young fruits should be removed in time to reduce the initial infection point of the bacteria, thereby preventing the occurrence of eggplant gray mold. Studies on tomato have shown that the control effect is more than 80%, which can achieve the effect of general pesticide fungicides.
3. Improve agricultural cultivation measures. Implement seedbed disinfection, cultivate disease-free and strong seedlings, and strengthen field management of seedling stage such as light temperature and fertilizer regulation. Increase the application of decomposed organic fertilizer, rationally adjust the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and rationally discharge irrigation. The cultivation method of double ridge mulching, under-film irrigation and drip irrigation is adopted. The base fertilizer is applied before transplanting, and the mulching film is covered after transplanting to prevent the spread of pathogenic bacteria in the soil. Reduce soil moisture evaporation, reduce air humidity, and control the occurrence and infestation of gray mold while increasing soil temperature.
Pesticide control:
1, the medicine 蘸 flowers. Studies have shown that the incidence of residual flowers and young fruits with pathogenic bacteria is much higher than that of residual flowers and young fruits without pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, it can be applied at the same time as the flowering of the flowers to inhibit the infection of the pathogens at the flowering stage. Add 50% iprodione wettable powder to the prepared 2, 4-D or anti-fallin dilution, and then carry out the sputum (spray) flower;
2. Chemical control. The control of eggplant gray mold is mainly dependent on chemical control. At present, pesticide bactericides and methods widely used for controlling gray mold are:
1.50% Pythium WP. Use 1125~1500g per hectare (active ingredient 562.5~750.0g), 1125L of water, equivalent to 750~1000 times liquid, spray control. In the early flowering stage, the bottom leaves and the ground are sprayed. The flowering period focuses on the spray and the young fruit, once every 7~10 days, and continuously sprays 2~4 times according to the condition. The application should be careful, and the leaves and the back should be sprayed, and the amount of spray should be reduced.
2.50% iprodione wettable powder. Each time you use 375~750g per hectare (active ingredient 187.5~375.0g), it is made into 1000~1500 times liquid, spray control, every 5~7 days, even spray 2~3 times, the amount of spray is reduced. .
3. 40% pyrimethanil suspension. Use 900~1400g per hectare (360~560g active ingredient), 1125 liters of water, equivalent to 800~1200 times liquid, spray control, once every 7~10 days, even spray 3~4 times, seedling The amount of spray is reduced. 715% more smog. In the early stage of the onset of the application, the old shed or the front squatting ward began to apply before the onset of the disease. The daily smog time was 5100~6 000g (active ingredient 765~900g) per hectare before the curtain was covered in the evening. 5 to 7 days of prevention and treatment, 4 to 5 times in a row. 820% 100% rot smoke agent. Each time, 2790~3750g (active ingredient 558~750g) is smoked every hectare, and it is applied once every 5~7 days for 3 times.
Generally, the flowering period and the fruit setting period are the key prevention and control periods. Spray application should be paid attention to timely ventilation and dehumidification, and smoked agents can also be used. The medicament for preventing and treating eggplant gray mold should be early and not too late; The medicinal properties should be paid attention to the alternating use of drugs or drugs, which is beneficial to improve the control effect and delay the development of drug resistance.
High Speed Door Motor And Control Box
Our company have German SEW Motor, Japan Mitsubishi Controller. Our own brand Hofic servo motor and controller. Chinese famous brand SEJ motor and Holip controller.
About our German SEW Motor and Japan Mitsubishi Controller: It is easy to find the ideal energy-efficient motor for your application at SEW. The series has a suitable design in its range for the globally applicable efficiency classes. Select the power and frequency within this motor design and you have already taken care of the most important selection criteria.All other motor options are of course available independently of the efficiency class. A comprehensive braking concept and cost-optimised built-in encoders ultimately complement the motor range. Comprehensive braking concept and combinations i.e. up to three different brake sizes per motor size featured in the range: Cost-optimised built-in encoders integrated into the motor. Motors for efficiency classes IE1 to IE4.Compact design saves space and costs. Future-proof, also as regards environmental protection (standards). Reduction in operating costs when using energy-efficient motors; our energy-efficient motors conform to the efficiency classes.
About servo High Speed Door Servo Control System: Our rolling gate servo control system is suitable for high speed and high usage soft and hard rolling gate. The whole system is in a small and light package, it has high torque and high operating speed, lower noise, high reliability, smooth and soft operating curves, it`s suitable for high speed and usage environment. The rolling curtain can be controlled by pull switch, push button, Bluetooth, ground radar, ground magnetic sensors. Operating Speed: 1M/s; Operating Width: ＜16 ㎡; Daily operating time: ＞2000 time; Rated voltage: 220v; Rated Output: 0.75 KW/1.5KW.
The system can operated via: 1) control box; 2) inching electronic control; 3) continuous automatic operation; 4) emergency stop; 5) single side operation box; 6) time delay; 7) ground radar and/or magnetic sensors. Please refer to Wiring Terminal for eternal connections.
System has fuse/safety wire shutdown switch for three-phase power protection, fuse/safety wire for operating circuit protection, and temperature sensing relay for motor protection.
Stroke Controller utilizes absolute value encoder. Connect the absolute value encoder and reducer via encoder`s axle, and fix the wings on to the reducer, than insert the aviation plug into plug receptacle.
The mounting screw for the control box must inspect regularly to prevent screw been getting loose and falling off. Check the internal and external wirings. Check and change the oil for the redactor on regular basis.
Precision: The system use Full closed-loop servo control and Double Encoder design. This is to ensure long operating life and to prevent overshooting during operating.
Stability: The system utilizes integrated design concept, in order to simplify internal wiring and prevent any function caused by wiring and terminal connections.
High Speed: Motor max speed is 2500 rpm; door max operating speed is 2 m/s.
Smooth: The torque servo system can adjust torque to the load automatically, and its speed curve mode step less speed regulating to ensure a smooth operation.
About SEJ motor and Holip controller: Three-phase asynchronous motor with magnetic brake has broad uses, It is suitable for various mechanical main drive and auxiliary drive, and it is also used for various required rapid stopping and correct positioning. The braking time within 0.2 second. Electric motor is added the DZM series direct current electromagnetic arrester by the basic series(Y series) electric motor.The protection class of electric motor part is IP44,the arrester part is IP23.if be applicable to bad environment can also make the arrester part into IP44,but customer have to put forward a special request while ordering,the manufactory can design a manufacturing exclusively. Its structure diagram is picture 1 and 2,picture 1 is the structure with hand release.Picture 2 is the structure without the hand release.Its operating principle BE, after being to make the retardation coil(6)to connect direct current power supply,because of the function of electromagnetic force,electromagnet(7)attract gag bit(5),and compress spring(24),make arrester disc(2)away from the friction surface of the gag bit(5)and shield(26)(the electrical motor can immediately operate normally).When the power supply cuts off after,the electromagnet(7)loses electromagnet force,the spring(24)releases the gag bit(5)and compress tightly to arrester disc(2),the arrester function,stop(the motor shaft)quickly,make electric motor shop turning to move,for the second time connect power supply will repeat above-mentioned action.
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