Occurrence and prevention of tomato malformation

Tomato malformation is one of the common physiological diseases of tomatoes. It occurs mostly in the cool season of protected cultivation and open field cultivation. The protected area is heavier than the open field, which reduces the quality of the fruit or loses the value of the commodity. The onset of the disease from January to March, the susceptible period of susceptible disease is the flower bud differentiation period of seedlings (ie, 2 to 8 leaf stage), so the occurrence of malformed fruit in tomato control should be started from the seedling stage. Partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, temperature control is not serious, heavy winter and spring, heavy rain and heavy occurrence.

(1) Identification points The abnormal fruit refers to the oval fruit, large umbilical fruit, chain-striped fruit, and window opening caused by low temperature, insufficient light, poor management of fertilizer and water, improper use of hormones, etc., resulting in insufficient development of flowers and fruits. Fruit, needle-nosed fruit, or nutrients are concentrated and transported to the flower buds that are being differentiated, causing the flower bud cells to split too vigorously, and the number of carpels is increased, thereby forming a multi-ventricular malformation fruit, and some exhibit seed exposure. The flowers of the malformed fruit showed that the bracts were 1 or 2 more than the normal flowers. The bracts were longer and hypertrophy, the petals were degenerated, shortened, and some even had not been differentiated and adhered to the bracts. The flowers were short, the pollen was few, and the stigma was not differentiated. .

1 oval fruit, also known as flat round fruit. The fruit has an elliptical shape, and the ratio of the length of the long (horizontal) and short (longitudinal) fruit is 1.08 or more, and the umbilicus has a horizontal yellow-brown freckle.

2 peach-shaped fruit, also known as nipple fruit, apex, sharp-edged fruit. The umbilicus is particularly prominent.

The 3 finger fruit is also known as the tumor fruit. There are one or several finger-like (tumor head) protrusions on the surface of the fruit near the bracts, such as the protruding fingers, also known as the pseudo-finger.

4 If the umbilical part of the fruit is cracked and the flesh is exposed, the cracked part is brown, which is called the top cracked fruit (umbilical cracked fruit, color map 122). If the rind outside the umbilical part is cracked and the flesh is exposed, the cracked part is brown, called the side. Cracked fruit (also known as open window fruit, zipper fruit, abdomen cracked fruit).

5 Perforated fruit has holes in the fruit, which can see the internal pulp tissue.

6 Duoguo fruit has more than 2 "fruits" on the same receptacle, some are separated, some are healed together, and the upper part is separated (double fruit).

7 The umbilical part of the chrysanthemum fruit (formed into a rugged shape) has many prismatic protrusions, which look like a chrysanthemum petal (chrysanthemum top), but the seeds are not exposed.

The 8 chain fruit has one or several yellow-brown freckles with longitudinal chains from the umbilicus to the pedicle.

9 mixed fruit on the fruit at the same time two or more types of malformation symptoms.

10 other types include round fruit (fruit), large umbilical fruit (large umbilicus), concave top fruit, and multi-edge fruit (peach fruit). Deformed fruit causes a decline in quality and yield.

(2) Causes of

1 Planted varieties with high rate of deformed fruit, such as late-maturing varieties of large fruit in early spring.

2 Mainly due to abnormal flower bud differentiation, the cause of abnormal flower bud differentiation is low temperature, sufficient water and excessive nitrogen nutrition during seedling stage and flower bud differentiation, resulting in excessive flower bud differentiation, formation of multi-cardiac malformation flowers, fruit into peach shape , tumor shape, etc. During the flower bud differentiation period, it encounters a low night temperature of 3 to 4 Â°C for 5 to 6 days, and it is easy to have deformed flowers and deformed fruits. The night temperature is about 8 Â°C, and the incidence is higher when the daytime temperature is lower than 20 Â°C.

3 The concentration of the plant growth regulator is too high or repeated, or when the temperature is high, the flower is immersed, or the flower is immersed, the flower is smeared, and the flower is sprayed (the ovary is abnormally developed after the drug is applied), and the tip is easily formed. . Water and fertilizer are lost after using plant growth regulators.

4 When the temperature is low or the drought is too long, the growth of the seedlings is inhibited, and the flowers are easy to be corked. When the conditions are suitable, the corked tissue can not adapt to the rapid growth of the internal tissues, and the fruits of the capsules or seeds are formed.

5 The plant has too much nutrient accumulation, which is easy to deform the flower and cause fruit malformation. At the seedling stage, there is too much water for topdressing, and the growth of stems and leaves is too strong, which is easy to produce deformed fruit.

(3) Control method

1 Select good varieties, according to local conditions, choose high-yield, strong stress resistance, insensitive to low temperature, and not easy to produce deformed varieties. Such as small fruit early maturing varieties.

2 During the nursery period, heat preservation measures should be taken, and the temperature of the seedbed should not be too low. In particular, the temperature of the 2 to 4 true leaves can not be continuously lower than 12 Â°C, which promotes the robust growth of the seedlings. Also don't prematurely settle when the ground temperature and temperature are low.

3 Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water during the nursery period. While properly controlling the fertilizer and water, it is necessary to prevent partial application of nitrogen fertilizer and rationally apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to prevent the growth of the seedlings.

4 moisture and nutrition must be adjusted to prevent excessive dryness and excessive nitrogen, especially in the flower bud differentiation period. Watering at the right time and in the right amount, so that there is no shortage of water when dry, and no water when it rains.

5 It is found that the deformed flower should be removed as soon as possible, and the first flower of each inflorescence is prone to deformed flowers, which can be removed before the flowering.

6 When using a growth regulator, it is necessary to carry out the flowering treatment when 50% of the flowers in the first ear inflorescence are open, and the time of the flowering is preferably 8 to 10 am and 3 to 4 in the afternoon, and should be according to the temperature. Appropriate adjustment of the concentration used, generally low temperature, higher concentration; high temperature, lower concentration, do not repeat the flower.

7 When the plants are long, they should adopt measures such as moderate ventilation and temperature control, and spray 2000mg of butyryl hydrazide solution, but can not cause low temperature and drought conditions to control seedling growth.

(4) Remedial measures When the young fruit is swollen to a diameter of 1 to 2 cm, the deformed fruit should be removed in time.

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