The polymer waterproof coating consists of a mixture of high-molecular-weight organic materials that are non-toxic to the environment, and a certain percentage of powder. Because it can have good bonding performance with the cement as the base material of the cementing material, and the waterproof requirements of the polymer waterproof material to adapt to various aspects have been widely used. In order for the polymer waterproof coating to better meet and serve the requirements of engineering waterproofing, it is necessary to further discuss and recognize its construction characteristics.
First, the factors affecting the quality of the waterproof layer:
The film formation of the polymer waterproof layer is similar to that of other types of waterproof coatings; that is, in addition to the quality of the material itself, the film of the waterproof layer is formed from the construction process, and it firstly depends on the tread quality of the film, that is, the The surface quality of the waterproof structure is guaranteed, followed by the process of forming the waterproof coating, and the third is the protection and durability of the waterproof layer after molding. The quality factors affecting the waterproof layer of the polymer waterproof coating include:
The quality of waterproof material itself: refers to the amount of raw materials, whether the appropriate mix and correct.
The surface shape of the waterproof base layer refers to the slope, flatness, edges, and details of the surface to be waterproof.
The quality of waterproof base layer: refers to the intrinsic quality of the base layer, whether it is firmly bonded with the structure without hollowing, cracking, delamination, peeling, surface roughness, finish, etc.
The process and environment of the film formation process refer to the process operations of the multi-pass film formation process, the overlapping process quality, and the control of harmful environments.
Protection of the process and end of the waterproof layer: The waterproof coating layer construction process is often in the cross environment of multi-workers. It needs the protection of the whole process, and at the end, it must be constructed in a timely manner to ensure the construction results.
Second, the common causes of construction quality problems analysis and overcoming methods According to the polymer waterproof coating waterproof layer quality analysis is a multi-factor, construction in addition to the material quality in accordance with the regulations should be certified and on-site inspection, this article mainly refers to After the completion of the grass-roots level, the current status of construction quality during construction site operations is summarized, and the methods for overcoming and handling construction practices are summarized.
(I) Quality problems caused by improper quality of the grassroots level 1. Cracking of waterproof membranes: generally occurs at outlets, around embedded parts, installation positions of prefabricated parts, pipelines, etc., due to temperature deformation, structural stress, and burying Insecure parts, unsuitable secondary pouring, changes in pipes or facilities, cracks in the structure, and cracks in the waterproof membrane.
Ways to overcome: In the inspection and acceptance at the grass-roots level, to understand the structure of the building structure, there should be a targeted inspection of the site where the result should be cracked, and negotiate with the design to strengthen the water-repellent operation of this part, such as the waterproof coating reinforcement layer.
2. Irregular waterproof layer cracks: Occurrence of uncertainties and irregular cracks. It is mainly due to the empty drum cracking of the surface cement mortar of the structure, which drives the cracking of the waterproof membrane; or the surface cement mortar has an ultra-long area and cracks under the effect of temperature, driving the cracking of the waterproof membrane.
Ways to overcome: Check the quality of the surface layer of the grass roots before the work, and check if there are empty drums and cracks. Is there a seam separation measure for a large area of ​​the base.
3, Yang angle trauma: Because the base of the Yang angle is relatively sharp, did not make the arc angle according to the specification, causing the angle is not easy to hang stick to a sufficient thickness of the coating, while the sharp corners are easily damaged by external forces, Defective waterproof layer.
Ways to overcome: The positive angle of the grass-roots level must be checked and accepted according to the specified arc angle. The non-conformity should be repaired. The construction process should be strengthened with the protection of the angle coating, or additional reinforcement layers, such as crossings in frequent logistics.
4, the surface of the paint exposed sand: some grass-roots no iron pressure calendered, exposed sand; caused by the coating layer of sand protruding, so that the waterproof layer is incomplete, or vulnerable.
To overcome the method: if the emergence of the primary inspection of the sand appears, it can be removed with a grinding stone.
5, the coating surface has a ridge: Department of the base surface is rough uneven, at the junction of the convex and convex formation of ribbon-shaped ribs, in the ridge of the coating thickness is insufficient and fragile, so that the waterproof layer is incomplete.
To overcome the method: use a sand wheel to beat the film ridges, or fill up the grooves.
6. Partial isolation: The base layer is contaminated by a certain thickness of silty materials such as clay and floor ash prior to operation, so that the waterproof layer cannot penetrate into the base layer, so that the waterproof layer is isolated from the base layer. Under external force, the part is The waterproof layer ruptures, causing the integrity of the waterproof layer to be destroyed.
Ways to overcome: Carefully clean up the contaminated surfaces.
7, delamination: refers to the waterproof layer can not be bonded with the surface of the structure to be waterproof, generally the outer layer of the first layer of waterproof construction after the inner layer of the construction sequence. For example, in the basement of the basement, the waterproof layer can only be formed on the cushion of the structure, and after the waterproof layer is completed, the mortar or fine stone concrete protective layer of the waterproof layer is used, resulting in separation of the waterproof layer from the surface of the structure. When the mat is cracked during the settling process, the waterproof layer will also break and the integrity of the waterproof layer will be destroyed.
Ways to overcome: Improve the current construction practices, see the author's other discussion.
8, structural cracking: refers to the accidental cracking of the structure caused by the damage of the waterproof layer, due to the deformation of the structure beyond the allowable bearing capacity of the design caused by cracking, such open cracks are often unpredictable.
To overcome the method; before the paint operation without prevention methods, if there must be repaired after the structure, before the repair of the waterproof layer can be repaired.
9, sand: by the grass-roots is not compacted: the brushing process will turn individual sand, mixed with paint, forming a trachoma is not dense coating.
Overcome the method; check it carefully before construction, and if it is not true, the surface where the sand may have started should be removed or reinforced.
(2) Quality problems caused by improper operation of the waterproof layer. 1. Flow falling: Generally occurs on slopes with steep slopes or slopes. Because the base layer is relatively smooth, the first layer of the brush is not too thick to cause a drop; or the lower layer of the coating is not coated with a layer of paint, and the uncured lower coating is dropped. The falling waterproof layer caused insufficient thickness of the local paint, and the falling paint was prone to thick wrinkles, which was high and fragile.
To overcome the method: to strengthen the brushing thickness and sub-pass time control, to prevent the occurrence of falling. The flow crash that has occurred should be carefully removed and repaired.
2, thick wrinkles: occurs in the plane, the slope of a relatively small slope, the corner, etc. Due to the uneven base with pits, the ductility of the coating makes the paint gather in the low-lying areas, so that the paint thicker at the place, on a layer of times The coating of the coating makes it difficult for the water to evaporate. After the final stage of molding, the moisture in the place will eventually evaporate and wrinkle skin will occur. The wrinkled skin with a small thickness will affect the appearance quality. The wrinkled skin with a large thickness will produce a linear thinning of the coating layer.
Ways to overcome: Fill the surface of the surface with low-level lacquer, or apply coating locally to reduce and prevent the accumulation of coating thickening.
3, stratification, peeling; waterproof layer is divided into multiple brushing molding, if the sub-pass time is too long, so that the waterproof layer of the combination of poor, there is stratification, if the length of time plus layers Isolation of foreign materials may cause the separation of the upper layer to form a flaky layer. The delamination affects the intrinsic quality of the waterproof layer, and the effective thickness of the waterproof layer is insufficient for skinning.
To overcome the method: strictly control the time interval of the sub-pass according to the actual conditions of the environment, to prevent the pollution of the surface layer, to remove the existing pollution. For the skin has been removed after the repair coating. The thickening method should be adopted for the stratification.
4, wind pollution, rain separated: windy day construction due to the environment more dust, so that the surface of the paint stained with dirt and other pollutants. The rain separated from the construction process caused continuous rainy weather to spread across the septum for a long time, affecting the combination of paints from top to bottom.
To overcome the method: Refer to the above stratification, peeling method is to overcome the treatment.
5. Sand-sanding: When the sand-based paint is not condensed, the sand brought in by the work forms a local sand-sand, such as the foot-shoe of a person stepping on the sand, or the result of the sand-sanding of the implement moving slightly affects the layer In combination, severe coating can cause sand eyes.
Ways to overcome: brushing operations should be exited to the channel, the construction process should have anti-stepping measures, before each operation should be checked, the local sanding should be cleaned or brushed and reinforced.
6, dry poly: mainly in the high temperature sunlight, the individual surface is relatively dry, the paint quickly wiped the water after drying or drying, so that the coating of organic powder can not play a role, resulting in coating crisp Scattered defects.
Ways to overcome: Brushing operations should avoid high-temperature evaporation during the period of time, the grass-roots dry heat should be sprayed an appropriate amount of water 24 hours in advance.
7. Trauma: Refers to various forms of trauma caused by various operations, due to improper protection, resulting in a collision of personnel or equipment. It usually occurs in areas with large personnel logistics such as both sides of the channel, exit thresholds, corners, etc., as well as by the underpass or crossover process of the coating.
Ways to overcome: Reliable precautions should be taken to the parts that are liable to be damaged. The operation area should be closed and designated as a person's logistics route. Warnings, frequent and fragile openings should be added to cover, and cross-operation procedures for the next road or surrounding area should be made. Protection, its measures should be reliable, effective and complete.
8. Reinforced fabric septum: refers to the site where the design of the tire fabric is reinforced. Since the tire fabric cannot invade the paint layer, the formed reinforcement is separated up and down, or partially suspended. It is mainly due to the next time after the brushing to strengthen the cloth without timely pressure or partial rebound, or the lower layer of paint is not enough to fill the sticky cloth. Some of the details of the complex shape make the reinforcing cloth wrinkle and cannot completely cover the paint. The laps of the cloth are prone to dry sticking.
To overcome the method: we should use textile-type reinforcing cloth so that the upper and lower pass paints at the reinforcing cloth can be filled with paint through numerous textile cloth holes, and can be integrated into one another. The next pass of the cloth to be put on the cloth should be appropriately thickened, and the cloth should be timely pressed and flattened and compacted. The anti-rebound measures shall be taken for the details, and the wrinkled parts shall be coated several times to ensure that the coating is fully immersed. Overlap joints should be coated with adhesive paint.
9. Inadequate handling of details: Refers to failures or omissions in the details of the failure to follow the specification design requirements, and incorrect process sequence.
10. Improper construction of the protective layer: The protective layer of the paint waterproof layer has many forms. How the structure should be designed depends on the design. Improper structure means that the waterproof layer is not tightly bonded, and separation of the partition is not complete. Secondly, the waterproof layer is damaged when the protective layer is not applied in time or when it is applied. The quality of the third protective layer does not meet the requirements and causes damage to the waterproof layer.
Overcome methods: Careful operation should be carried out with respect to the different forms and structures of the protective layer, and the protection layer should be strengthened to effectively protect the waterproof layer. The protective layer must be operated in a timely manner.
(3) The quality problems caused by the cooperation and division of work of the waterproof layer and the management must be done in the construction of waterproofing. The work shall be impervious to leaks. This work is all mandatory, and shall be marked as 'GB50207----- The “Code for Quality Acceptance of Roof Engineering†and “Code for Quality Acceptance of Underground Water Engineering†of “GB50208-2002†all stipulate: The construction of waterproof layer shall be carried out by professional waterproof professional teams qualified by qualification examination; the main construction personnel shall hold the competent administrative department of construction or The qualification certificate (work permit) issued by the designated unit. Therefore, the waterproof layer construction must have appeared that the waterproof layer and the grass-roots layer and some protective layers are not a construction entity, not the same type of work, how the cooperation and management between them, but also affect the quality of waterproof, the current common problems are :
The waterproof layer operation team neglects the quality problems that appear in the operation process.
The protective layer is not timely, and the public interacts and destroys each other during the construction process.
Collaboration between different operating units is not close and their responsibilities are not clear.
To overcome these problems, we must proceed from the major goal of serving the project quality, carry out the division of labor, clarify responsibilities, strengthen third-party supervision, subdivide by procedures, check items by category, strengthen the three-inspection system, and strengthen cooperation and management to jointly improve projects. The waterproof quality.
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