First, the prevention and control objectives
The prevention and treatment rate of major pests and diseases of corn is over 90%, the overall control effect of pests and diseases is over 80%, the damage loss rate is controlled below 5%, and the specialized prevention and control area is over 34%. Further expand the green prevention and control demonstration and promotion area, and effectively reduce the use of chemical pesticides.
Second, prevention and control strategies
Focusing on the key pests and diseases of different planting areas and growth stages of maize, with the support of green prevention and control technology, vigorously promote the specialization and prevention of the rule, implement straw returning, seed treatment, seedling pest control, Trichogramma prevention and heartbeat Pest control technology to achieve pesticide reduction, cost-effective, and ensure corn production safety.
Third, prevention and control measures
(1) Key points of prevention and control in different regions
North spring sowing corn area: focus on prevention and control of corn borer, underground pests, double spotted firefly, second and third generation armyworm, large spot disease, stem rot, corn nematode dwarf disease.
Huanghuaihai summer sowing corn area: focus on prevention and control of corn borer, cotton bollworm, second-generation armyworm, two-pointed moth, thrips, stem rot, southern rust, brown spot, small spot disease.
Southwestern hilly corn area: focus on prevention and control of corn borer, second and third generation armyworm, sheath blight, large spot disease, gray spot disease.
Northwest China: Focus on prevention and control of underground pests, corn borers, spider mites, double-spotted fireflies, Gansu, Ningxia and both stem rot and large spot disease, Xinjiang key control of corn borer and three-pointed spotted spider mite.
(II) Technical measures for prevention and control of major pests and diseases
1. Underground pests (ground tigers, cockroaches, golden worms, plucked sunflower mites, etc.) and corn nematode dwarf diseases: coating or seed dressing with thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, etc., can simultaneously treat both the thrips and aphids in the seedling stage ( Dwarf mosaic disease mediator) and Laodelphax striatellus (rough disease transmission mediator). The northeastern spring maize area where the corn nematode dwarf disease occurs is heavier, and the coating agent containing more than 7% of carbofuran or more than 5% of thiocarbamate should be used for secondary coating.
2. Corn glutinous rice: straw returning to the field, reducing the number of insect source base; spring maize area is closed in the spring 15 days before the wintering phlegm, and the larvae of the wintering larvae are controlled; the insecticidal lamp combination is used during the emergence of the wintering adult worms. The attractant traps; the adult releases the Trichogramma to kill the eggs at the initial stage of spawning. Spraying Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) preparation at the end of heart leaf, or using chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam and other agents and Jiawei salt to properly mix and spray, improve the control effect, and treat other kinds of pests.
3. Corn stalk rot: plant resistant varieties. The seed is treated with a seed coater such as a flavonoids, a fine nail cream, or a dressing agent such as difenoconazole or tebuconazole, and at the same time, silk smut, root rot, and the like are controlled.
4. Corn leaf spot disease: select resistant varieties and reasonably close planting. Appropriate topdressing to improve plant disease resistance. Pharmacy prevention and treatment advocates early use of drugs, spraying at the end of corn heart (brown spot disease in corn 8 to 10 leaves), spraying fenflurazole, diniconazole, pyraclostrobin, Jinggangmycin A, etc. According to the incidence, spray again 1 to 10 days. Mixing with brassinolide can improve the control effect and reduce the dosage.
5. Corn sheath blight: Select resistant varieties. In the early stage of the disease, the leaf sheath of the stem base can be stripped, and the bio-pesticides such as Jinggangmycin A can be sprayed together, or the sclerotium net, diniconazole, mancozeb and the like can be better controlled. Depending on the incidence, spray again 1 to 10 days.
6. Corn aphids: Spraying thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, pymetrozine and other agents at the beginning of the spotting.
7. Corn leafhopper: timely remove the weeds at the edge of the field and eliminate the habitat of the early leafhoppers. When the spot film occurs, spray or rational mixed spray of acetylene, 哒螨 ã€, thiazolone, avermectin, etc., focus on the back of the middle and lower leaves of the corn plants around the field; add urea water, exhibiting agent It can restore the leaves and improve the effect of prevention.
8. Helicoverpa armigera: release of Trichogramma esculentum at the initial stage of spawning, or spraying of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) preparation, avid salt, etc. during the incubation period.
9. Two-pointed moth: deep ploughing winter idle fields, killing or clearing before sowing, clearing the covering on the corn seeding ditch. For the control of pesticides, chlorantraniliprole, avidin, etc. may be used, and spray, bait trapping and poisoning soil may be used.
Note: There are fewer pesticides and insecticides registered on corn, and some pesticides are selected to refer to the control agents on crops such as wheat and cotton.
Fourth, the green prevention and control and professionalization of the main control technology
(1) Straw returning, deep soil tillage and pre-sowing technology
Take straw smashing and returning to the field, deep ploughing winter leisure fields and killing cockroaches before sowing, destroying suitable places for pests and diseases, and reducing the number of pests and diseases.
(2) Beauveria bassiana sealing and trapping adult technology
In the northern spring maize area, before the corn mashing, the Beauveria bassiana is used to seal the cockroaches; in the emergence period of the adult cockroach, the insecticidal lamp is used to trap the adult worms, and the overwintering adults can be combined with the attractant to attract and kill.
(3) Seed treatment technology
Insecticides and fungicides are reasonably mixed for seed dressing, or uniform coating of seeds is carried out. Adopting technical unification, centralized contiguous, and whole village advancement can improve the effect of disease prevention and treatment.
(4) Seedling pest control technology
At the seedling stage of maize, according to the occurrence of second-generation armyworm, thrips, gray planthopper, beet armyworm and cotton bollworm, spray treatment with insecticide such as carbaryl salt, chlorantraniliprole and other insecticides was used. Use the nicotinsulfuron herbicide plot to avoid the use of organophosphorus pesticides to avoid phytotoxicity.
(5) Late application of heart leaf
At the end of the heart leaf, the biological agents such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) or Beauveria bassiana are uniformly sprayed to control the corn larvae; according to the late leaf spot disease and the occurrence of pests such as corn borer, cotton bollworm and aphids, mixed insecticides and fungicides (such as chlorantraniliprole + benzoyl azoxystrobin + thiamethoxam mixed spray), effective control of late leaf spot disease and corn borer, cotton bollworm, aphids and other pests. Promote the use of new plant protection machinery such as high-beam sprayers and drones to improve the ability to prevent and control in the middle and late stages.
(6) Trichogramma prevention technology
In the early stage of spawning, the eggs are placed in the period of egg-producing, 1.5 to 20,000 heads per acre, 3 to 6 release points per acre, 2 to 3 times for unified release, and the bee card or bee-keeping apparatus is placed in the middle leaves. back.
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