Regardless of the price of coal, whether it is summer or winter peaks, even in the off-season, coal-fired shutdowns in Central China, the central location of the country, have become normal, and coal-fired shutdowns exceeding 2 million kilowatts are commonplace. The coal shortage at the peak reached 8 million kilowatts. In Henan, a coal-fired power base in China, the number of coal-fired generators that are out of coal is increasing. In Sichuan, the frequency of coal-fired shut-downs is increasing. Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Chongqing also have coal-fired units that are currently out of service. Why does the Central China Region “come year after year� What is the key to cracking the issue of coal shortages in Central China? Recently, the reporter went to the Central China region and conducted an in-depth investigation.
Regional characteristics: Downtime has become the norm. In fact, coal-fired power generators, such as Huayu Power, are not few in the Central China region. The repeated coal-fired shutdowns in Henan are more thought-provoking.
Since the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, Henan Province has focused on 600,000 kilowatts, 1 million kilowatts of large-capacity, high-parameter coal-fired units, and has installed more than 20 million kilowatts of power generation capacity, becoming an important thermal power base in the country. The power supply layout focuses on the planning and construction of thermal power projects in the three major thermal power clusters in northern Henan, southern Henan, and along the Bohai Sea.
In the Central China region, Henan's thermal power is an important force to ease the power shortage in the hydropower provinces of Hubei, Hunan and Sichuan. However, over time, Henan, as a coal-producing province, has gradually become a coal net inflowing province from coal exporting provinces. Since 2008, the phenomenon of thermal power shutdowns that has been entangled in the coal problem has begun to appear. It has been more serious in the past year, and there are often more than 3 million kilowatts of coal-fired units. At present, under the situation that the national coal demand has been in a downward trend, there are more than 2.5 million kilowatts of units in the whole Henan Province in coal shortage.
Xiao Daqiang, deputy chief of the marketing department (transaction center) of Central China Power Grid Corporation, stated that the coal-fired shutdowns in Henan are just a “typical sample†of the growing coal shortages in the Central China Power Grid region. In the entire Central China region, in addition to the coal-shutdown in Henan, in recent years, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, and Chongqing all have relatively severe coal-fired shutdowns. However, there are differences in the provinces and severity of coal shortages in different years and at different time periods. For example, in the summer of 2008, during the summer peak season in Hubei, the coal shortages in Hubei were very serious. Nearly 4 million kilowatts of coal-fired units were out of coal. The 2009 coal-mining outages were concentrated during the peak winter period, and all of Central China's networks took off. In 2011, coal-fired shutdowns occurred throughout the five provinces and one city covered by the entire network of Central China Power Grid. Sichuan's coal-mining shutdowns exceeded 4 million kilowatts at most.
Tracing back to the source: What is still missing is why the coal-mining downtime in Central China, which is located in the center of the country's geographical location, will become the norm? According to Zhang Yinya, a specialist in the marketing department of Central China Power Grid Corporation, the entire central China region, with the exception of Henan, has very few coal resources in Hubei, Chongqing, Hunan, Sichuan, and Jiangxi. Hubei Province Economic and Information Commission officials told the reporter that taking Hubei Province as an example, at present, more than 97% of the coal (98% of coal) in Hubei Province is transported by other provinces. As a result of the shortage of coal resources or the shortage of transport capacity, thermal power companies in Hubei Province The days are bad, and so are the other provinces. In addition, another major feature of the Central China region is the large installed capacity of hydropower. Among the total installed capacity of 181 million kilowatts, thermal power installed capacity is 106 million kilowatts, hydropower capacity is 0.746 billion kilowatts, and hydropower accounts for 41% of the total installed capacity. In the season when there is sufficient water, in order to fully absorb hydropower and minimize the loss of abandonment water, the capacity of thermal power generation is often reduced to the minimum limit. The thermal power units in the region are often forced to start, stop, and adjust the peaks for a long time, and turn off the peaks during shutdown. The operating hours are generally lower than the national average, coupled with long-term high coal prices, resulting in serious losses of thermal power companies, once the power shortage, the need for thermal power units to increase their output, thermal power companies often have no money to buy coal. According to statistics, in 2011, only six power plants in Henan Province were profitable, while Hubei and Hunan had only one profit, respectively, and Jiangxi had all losses.
Because of the lack of coal, thermal power companies have suffered long-term losses. At present, in the Central China region, the growth rate of power installations has not caught up with the increase in load. According to the Chief of Lai Hongyi, the manager of the Central China Power Regulatory Sub-Center of the State Grid, the average annual installed capacity growth in central China during the four years between 2008 and 2011 was about 8%, and during this four-year period, the growth of unified call load of Central China Power Grid was 9.97%. , 10%, 17%, 14.48%.
"This shows that the old ways of economic development are difficult to sustain." Xiao Daqiang believes that from the point of view of growth in the use of electricity, the trend of shifting industries with high energy consumption to the central and western regions becomes more and more obvious. The solution to the problem of lack of electricity and coal in the Central China region is fundamental. Change the mode of economic growth. Even if we do not consider the future increase in the power load, the balance of power in Central China Power Grid will also face increasing pressure.
In fact, coal in central China has long been dependent on imports. With the further advancement of coal resource integration, and the implementation of limited price-insured measures in some coal-producing provinces and the implementation of national energy-saving emission reduction policies, the coal resources in Central China will continue to be tight, and coal shortages will stop. More serious.
Lai Hongyi believes that large-scale and frequent coal-fired shutdowns not only cause huge waste of resources, but also have a negative impact on the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
Objective factors: The channel is also the bottleneck After Henan became a coal inflow province, the power generation coal of the thermal power unit in the Central China region had to be imported from outside the region. Due to the limitation of railway transportation capacity, a considerable part of the coal was transported through the “sea-to-riverâ€. The so-called “sea-to-river†coal refers to coal after it arrives at Qinhuangdao port from the Daqin Line, and ships to the Jiangyin or Nantong ports of Jiangsu for ship changing, and then reverses the Yangtze River and transfers it to ports along the Yangtze River, and then transports it to Huazhong. The major thermal power plants in the area.
Especially in Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangxi, the major thermal power plants complained about the dry season in winter; here, the traditional coal sources are mainly concentrated in the coal-producing provinces of Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, and Henan and Chongqing; but in the past year, these The province itself has also experienced a "coal shortage," and it has begun to restrict coal to the province. To increase the amount of coal from Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, and only through the south to the Taijialiu, Jingguang, and Jingjiu three railways, these railroad arteries are tight and can only meet 30% of their capacity. Helpless, it forced out such a "circle" coal transportation lifeline.
“Three thousand miles of road and moon and twenty-five days into the river, twenty-five days into the river,†Xie Chaoying, director of the Hunan Provincial Economic and Information Commission, said with a smile that this crossing of more than half of China's electricity mileage of more than 4,000 km can be hard-won.
The person in charge of Huadian Changsha Power Generation Company told the reporter that the coal shipped through “Haijinjiang†now accounts for one-third of the company’s coal consumption. The other two-thirds, half rely on railways and half on provincial coal sources.
According to the latest adjustment of electricity prices, after December 1, 2011, except for the slight adjustment in Henan Province, the on-grid electricity prices in Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, and Chongqing have been at a relatively high level throughout the country.
Under such circumstances, the development of thermal power is no longer an option.
According to this, people in Central China Power Grid believe that, in comparison, the hydropower resources in the Central China region are abundant, but with the exception of Sichuan Province, there is little room for development and a large amount of hydropower is delivered. The Three Gorges hydropower has been developed and distributed by the state. Most of the southwest hydropower such as Xiangjiaba, Xiluodu and Jinping are sent to the East China Power Grid and the South China Power Grid. Only a small part is balanced in the Central China Power Grid. If Three Gorges hydropower and southwest hydropower can be prioritized to balance within the Central China region, and then through the trans-regional transmission of power to solve a wider range of power balance issues, China's energy resources utilization efficiency will be effectively improved. But the problem is that, at least for the moment, there is no sign of adjustment in the Three Gorges power supply allocated by the country and the outflow of hydropower in the southwest.
In the survey, the reporter found that the "passage problem" is not only a major constraint factor in the transportation of electricity, but also a "bottleneck" in the transmission of electricity.
According to data from Central China Power Grid Corporation, cross-regional electricity trading in Central China Power Grid has shown an increasing trend in recent years. From 2008 to 2011, it was respectively 9.56 billion kwh, 18 billion kwh, 41.4 billion kwh, and 32.4 billion kwh. At present, cross-regional transmission to Central China mainly relies on Debao and Lingbao two ± 500 kV DC lines and 1000 kV Jindongnan-Nanyang-Jingmen UHV AC pilot demonstration projects. Trans-regional transmission of electricity has played an important role in relieving tensions in power grids in central China.
Xiao Daqiang, who has been engaged in power trading for many years, believes that long-term trading mechanisms should be established and formed to continue the enthusiasm of the recipients in dissipating electricity and speed up the construction of trans-regional and inter-provincial channels. “Otherwise, even if the UHV power transmission channel and other hardware problems are solved, a wider range of optimal allocation of power resources will be constrained by hidden obstacles such as the difficulty of the formation of transmission mechanisms.â€
Resolving Contradictions: Transmitting coal has repeatedly appealed to relevant parties of the Central China Power Grid Corporation for transmission. The characteristics of the primary energy structure in the Central China region have determined that it must shift from excessive dependence on coal transmission to coal transmission and transmission.
Among them, relying on UHV transmission channels to absorb electricity from large-scale northwestern coal and new energy bases is the key to solving the power shortage in central China and transforming the way power is developed. At the same time, “the state should timely adjust the ratio of the Three Gorges power distribution and the proportion of hydropower transmission in the southwest, and increase the efficiency of hydropower utilization in Central China.†In the planning blueprint of the State Grid Corporation’s power grid construction, “three verticals†will be constructed during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period. The three horizontal lines (that is, the Longitudinal Ximeng to Nanjing, the Middle Zhangbei to the Nanchang, the West Longitudinal to the west of Changsha, the north to the north to the Weifang, the middle Hengjingbian to Lianyungang, and the southern Heng'an to Shanghai) UHV AC and X The six-trip zone DC transmission project connects large-scale energy bases and major load centers, and forms a large-scale distribution pattern of West-to-East power transmission and North-to-South power transmission.
It is understood that at present, related UHV engineering projects are waiting for approval from the country. The relevant person of Huazhong Power Grid Company also stated that “this will play a crucial supporting role in ensuring the future energy supply in Central China.â€
Regional characteristics: Downtime has become the norm. In fact, coal-fired power generators, such as Huayu Power, are not few in the Central China region. The repeated coal-fired shutdowns in Henan are more thought-provoking.
Since the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, Henan Province has focused on 600,000 kilowatts, 1 million kilowatts of large-capacity, high-parameter coal-fired units, and has installed more than 20 million kilowatts of power generation capacity, becoming an important thermal power base in the country. The power supply layout focuses on the planning and construction of thermal power projects in the three major thermal power clusters in northern Henan, southern Henan, and along the Bohai Sea.
In the Central China region, Henan's thermal power is an important force to ease the power shortage in the hydropower provinces of Hubei, Hunan and Sichuan. However, over time, Henan, as a coal-producing province, has gradually become a coal net inflowing province from coal exporting provinces. Since 2008, the phenomenon of thermal power shutdowns that has been entangled in the coal problem has begun to appear. It has been more serious in the past year, and there are often more than 3 million kilowatts of coal-fired units. At present, under the situation that the national coal demand has been in a downward trend, there are more than 2.5 million kilowatts of units in the whole Henan Province in coal shortage.
Xiao Daqiang, deputy chief of the marketing department (transaction center) of Central China Power Grid Corporation, stated that the coal-fired shutdowns in Henan are just a “typical sample†of the growing coal shortages in the Central China Power Grid region. In the entire Central China region, in addition to the coal-shutdown in Henan, in recent years, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, and Chongqing all have relatively severe coal-fired shutdowns. However, there are differences in the provinces and severity of coal shortages in different years and at different time periods. For example, in the summer of 2008, during the summer peak season in Hubei, the coal shortages in Hubei were very serious. Nearly 4 million kilowatts of coal-fired units were out of coal. The 2009 coal-mining outages were concentrated during the peak winter period, and all of Central China's networks took off. In 2011, coal-fired shutdowns occurred throughout the five provinces and one city covered by the entire network of Central China Power Grid. Sichuan's coal-mining shutdowns exceeded 4 million kilowatts at most.
Tracing back to the source: What is still missing is why the coal-mining downtime in Central China, which is located in the center of the country's geographical location, will become the norm? According to Zhang Yinya, a specialist in the marketing department of Central China Power Grid Corporation, the entire central China region, with the exception of Henan, has very few coal resources in Hubei, Chongqing, Hunan, Sichuan, and Jiangxi. Hubei Province Economic and Information Commission officials told the reporter that taking Hubei Province as an example, at present, more than 97% of the coal (98% of coal) in Hubei Province is transported by other provinces. As a result of the shortage of coal resources or the shortage of transport capacity, thermal power companies in Hubei Province The days are bad, and so are the other provinces. In addition, another major feature of the Central China region is the large installed capacity of hydropower. Among the total installed capacity of 181 million kilowatts, thermal power installed capacity is 106 million kilowatts, hydropower capacity is 0.746 billion kilowatts, and hydropower accounts for 41% of the total installed capacity. In the season when there is sufficient water, in order to fully absorb hydropower and minimize the loss of abandonment water, the capacity of thermal power generation is often reduced to the minimum limit. The thermal power units in the region are often forced to start, stop, and adjust the peaks for a long time, and turn off the peaks during shutdown. The operating hours are generally lower than the national average, coupled with long-term high coal prices, resulting in serious losses of thermal power companies, once the power shortage, the need for thermal power units to increase their output, thermal power companies often have no money to buy coal. According to statistics, in 2011, only six power plants in Henan Province were profitable, while Hubei and Hunan had only one profit, respectively, and Jiangxi had all losses.
Because of the lack of coal, thermal power companies have suffered long-term losses. At present, in the Central China region, the growth rate of power installations has not caught up with the increase in load. According to the Chief of Lai Hongyi, the manager of the Central China Power Regulatory Sub-Center of the State Grid, the average annual installed capacity growth in central China during the four years between 2008 and 2011 was about 8%, and during this four-year period, the growth of unified call load of Central China Power Grid was 9.97%. , 10%, 17%, 14.48%.
"This shows that the old ways of economic development are difficult to sustain." Xiao Daqiang believes that from the point of view of growth in the use of electricity, the trend of shifting industries with high energy consumption to the central and western regions becomes more and more obvious. The solution to the problem of lack of electricity and coal in the Central China region is fundamental. Change the mode of economic growth. Even if we do not consider the future increase in the power load, the balance of power in Central China Power Grid will also face increasing pressure.
In fact, coal in central China has long been dependent on imports. With the further advancement of coal resource integration, and the implementation of limited price-insured measures in some coal-producing provinces and the implementation of national energy-saving emission reduction policies, the coal resources in Central China will continue to be tight, and coal shortages will stop. More serious.
Lai Hongyi believes that large-scale and frequent coal-fired shutdowns not only cause huge waste of resources, but also have a negative impact on the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
Objective factors: The channel is also the bottleneck After Henan became a coal inflow province, the power generation coal of the thermal power unit in the Central China region had to be imported from outside the region. Due to the limitation of railway transportation capacity, a considerable part of the coal was transported through the “sea-to-riverâ€. The so-called “sea-to-river†coal refers to coal after it arrives at Qinhuangdao port from the Daqin Line, and ships to the Jiangyin or Nantong ports of Jiangsu for ship changing, and then reverses the Yangtze River and transfers it to ports along the Yangtze River, and then transports it to Huazhong. The major thermal power plants in the area.
Especially in Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangxi, the major thermal power plants complained about the dry season in winter; here, the traditional coal sources are mainly concentrated in the coal-producing provinces of Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, and Henan and Chongqing; but in the past year, these The province itself has also experienced a "coal shortage," and it has begun to restrict coal to the province. To increase the amount of coal from Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, and only through the south to the Taijialiu, Jingguang, and Jingjiu three railways, these railroad arteries are tight and can only meet 30% of their capacity. Helpless, it forced out such a "circle" coal transportation lifeline.
“Three thousand miles of road and moon and twenty-five days into the river, twenty-five days into the river,†Xie Chaoying, director of the Hunan Provincial Economic and Information Commission, said with a smile that this crossing of more than half of China's electricity mileage of more than 4,000 km can be hard-won.
The person in charge of Huadian Changsha Power Generation Company told the reporter that the coal shipped through “Haijinjiang†now accounts for one-third of the company’s coal consumption. The other two-thirds, half rely on railways and half on provincial coal sources.
According to the latest adjustment of electricity prices, after December 1, 2011, except for the slight adjustment in Henan Province, the on-grid electricity prices in Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, and Chongqing have been at a relatively high level throughout the country.
Under such circumstances, the development of thermal power is no longer an option.
According to this, people in Central China Power Grid believe that, in comparison, the hydropower resources in the Central China region are abundant, but with the exception of Sichuan Province, there is little room for development and a large amount of hydropower is delivered. The Three Gorges hydropower has been developed and distributed by the state. Most of the southwest hydropower such as Xiangjiaba, Xiluodu and Jinping are sent to the East China Power Grid and the South China Power Grid. Only a small part is balanced in the Central China Power Grid. If Three Gorges hydropower and southwest hydropower can be prioritized to balance within the Central China region, and then through the trans-regional transmission of power to solve a wider range of power balance issues, China's energy resources utilization efficiency will be effectively improved. But the problem is that, at least for the moment, there is no sign of adjustment in the Three Gorges power supply allocated by the country and the outflow of hydropower in the southwest.
In the survey, the reporter found that the "passage problem" is not only a major constraint factor in the transportation of electricity, but also a "bottleneck" in the transmission of electricity.
According to data from Central China Power Grid Corporation, cross-regional electricity trading in Central China Power Grid has shown an increasing trend in recent years. From 2008 to 2011, it was respectively 9.56 billion kwh, 18 billion kwh, 41.4 billion kwh, and 32.4 billion kwh. At present, cross-regional transmission to Central China mainly relies on Debao and Lingbao two ± 500 kV DC lines and 1000 kV Jindongnan-Nanyang-Jingmen UHV AC pilot demonstration projects. Trans-regional transmission of electricity has played an important role in relieving tensions in power grids in central China.
Xiao Daqiang, who has been engaged in power trading for many years, believes that long-term trading mechanisms should be established and formed to continue the enthusiasm of the recipients in dissipating electricity and speed up the construction of trans-regional and inter-provincial channels. “Otherwise, even if the UHV power transmission channel and other hardware problems are solved, a wider range of optimal allocation of power resources will be constrained by hidden obstacles such as the difficulty of the formation of transmission mechanisms.â€
Resolving Contradictions: Transmitting coal has repeatedly appealed to relevant parties of the Central China Power Grid Corporation for transmission. The characteristics of the primary energy structure in the Central China region have determined that it must shift from excessive dependence on coal transmission to coal transmission and transmission.
Among them, relying on UHV transmission channels to absorb electricity from large-scale northwestern coal and new energy bases is the key to solving the power shortage in central China and transforming the way power is developed. At the same time, “the state should timely adjust the ratio of the Three Gorges power distribution and the proportion of hydropower transmission in the southwest, and increase the efficiency of hydropower utilization in Central China.†In the planning blueprint of the State Grid Corporation’s power grid construction, “three verticals†will be constructed during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period. The three horizontal lines (that is, the Longitudinal Ximeng to Nanjing, the Middle Zhangbei to the Nanchang, the West Longitudinal to the west of Changsha, the north to the north to the Weifang, the middle Hengjingbian to Lianyungang, and the southern Heng'an to Shanghai) UHV AC and X The six-trip zone DC transmission project connects large-scale energy bases and major load centers, and forms a large-scale distribution pattern of West-to-East power transmission and North-to-South power transmission.
It is understood that at present, related UHV engineering projects are waiting for approval from the country. The relevant person of Huazhong Power Grid Company also stated that “this will play a crucial supporting role in ensuring the future energy supply in Central China.â€
Conical Spring Washer,Stainless Steel Conical Spring Washer,Conical Spring Washers
Ningbo Yinzhou Zhenhua Stamping Co., Ltd. , https://www.zhwashers.com