How to distinguish dangerous sources on site construction? How to prevent?

The construction industry has become the pillar industry of China's economy, but at the same time, the consequences of construction accidents are also very serious. In particular, the number of large-scale projects has increased in recent years, and the technical content of construction has increased, which has increased the difficulty of construction and the danger of construction. Although we have made great efforts in building construction safety management, construction safety accidents continue to occur. The source of danger is the root cause of safety accidents and the root cause of safety accidents. Thorough and thorough analysis of various hazard sources and triggering factors in the construction process and prevention of safety accidents from the source can effectively prevent safety accidents and ensure safe and orderly construction of buildings. Safety management of building construction has a very important significance. We need to start from the root cause of construction safety accidents and completely analyze the construction safety management in China from a new perspective.

1 Current Situation of Safe Production in Construction of China

The overall status quo of construction safety accidents in China is as follows: Although the total number of safety accidents has declined, the number of safety accidents is still high, and the number of casualties caused by safety accidents is high. The incidence of safety accidents is much higher than in developed countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States. There are still many problems and deficiencies in China's construction safety management, which has become an important factor affecting China's economic construction and social stability and development. In 2010 , the number of employees in the construction industry in China reached 33,194,500 , and the total output value of the construction industry reached 9,520.6 billion yuan, accounting for 23.9% of the GDP , an increase of 24% over the previous year . However, while the construction industry is developing at a high speed, each Construction safety accidents are also frequent, which makes it the second most dangerous industry in all industrial sectors in China, only after the mining industry.

2 Danger sources of construction site construction project

1 ) Falling high. Falling from a height is a fall caused by man-made or environmental influences when working at heights. The sudden probability of the hazard and the casualty rate after the occurrence are high. Only in January 2011, falling from height accidents caused accounted for more than 60% of accidents in the country that month. Falling accidents at high places mainly include: accidents at high heights in caverns, accidents at high altitudes, accidents at high altitudes, accidents at high altitudes, falling operations at high altitudes, and accidents at high altitudes.

2 ) Mechanical damage. Mechanical damage is one of the common injuries in the construction process of an engineering project. It mainly refers to the form of impacts, collisions, shears, entanglement, twisting, grinding, cutting, stabbing, etc. caused by mechanical equipment components, tools, and workpieces directly in contact with human bodies. hurt. In the construction site, a large number of mechanical equipments are needed in the process of reinforcing steel cutting, concrete pouring, various cutting and welding processes. Could easily lead to damage machinery and mechanical equipment are: transport machinery, steel bending processing machinery, loading machinery, mechanical drilling, crushing equipment, concrete pumping equipment, ventilation and drainage, or other rotational drive apparatus and the like.

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3 ) The object hits. Object Strike refers to the personal injury or death caused by the inertial force of an uncontrolled object. The construction progress of the project is generally tight, which results in more investment in labor, machinery, and materials at the construction site and requires cross-operation. In this situation, it is extremely prone to object strikes.

4 ) Electric shock. Electric shock can generally be divided into electric injury and electric shock. Electric injury is generally caused by the thermal, chemical and mechanical effects of the current caused by human body surface damage, electric injury is not generally caused by the risk of construction workers in the case of not very serious; the electric shock is the current flowing through the human body to cause the internal organs of the human body Injury, the consequences of this kind of electrocution are serious and often endanger life.

5 ) Collapse accident. Collapse accidents are common in underground works, especially in slope support projects. In the pre-construction geological survey, the underground situation can only be roughly understood in the sub-region, which provides a great possibility for the collapse of the unknown underground conditions. In addition, in the absence of grading conditions, forcibly grading, placing heavy objects on the pit, or parking various types of transport vehicles will greatly increase the likelihood of a collapse accident. After the rain and snow season, care must be taken to avoid accidents caused by changes in soil physical and mechanical properties, such as collapse caused by freezing and thawing.

6 ) Lifting injury. When hoisting the project, lifting points, hoisting rigging, command signals, hoisting machines , lifting weights and other factors will cause the crane to be unbalanced as a whole, or problems such as falling, impact, and spillage in the hoisting process of the materials will directly result. Damage to people, machinery and vehicles.

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7 ) Dangerous goods. Due to welding, cutting, driving, cooling and other needs in the project, some flammable and explosive construction resources are often required. If these resources are not stored, handled and used in accordance with strict rules and regulations, there will be hidden dangers of explosion and leakage of dangerous goods at all stages, and safety accidents will easily occur.

3 Construction project on-site construction hazard source prevention measures

3.1 Technical Control Measures

The main technical control measures include : distance protection, time protection, shielding of hazardous sources, solid protection facilities, elimination of weak links, proximity to hazardous sources, control of triggering factors of hazardous sources, substitution operations, warning warnings, redundant technologies, personal protection, etc. . In the construction system, according to the characteristics of the hazard source, existence status, and trigger conditions, as well as the technology, manpower, and material resources that the construction enterprise can adopt, the above technical measures are selectively used to achieve elimination, control, and protection. The purpose of transferring hazards.

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Technical measures for hazard source control include two aspects of hazard source control technology and safety facilities in construction operations :

1 ) The hazard source control technology is based on the safety requirements and standards of the existing process technology. On the one hand, the hazardous properties of the first type of hazards in the construction process, such as mechanical equipment, material, etc., such as temperature, pressure, and strength, are added. Control, avoid under the influence of the triggering factor, once the restraint fails to cause the safety accident ; On the other hand, strengthen the execution ability of the control device under the emergency situation, such as the emergency over-current protection device, emergency stop system of the mechanical emergency. 2 ) Safety facilities refer to some equipment and measures to prevent accidents at the construction site. Such as site firefighting facilities ( fire water, fire engines, fire extinguishers, other fire extinguishing devices, fire exits, etc. ) , hazard source monitoring systems, detection alarm systems, and anti-static facilities. Technical measures have a very important role in the work of controlling dangerous sources. Only when we fully exert the effectiveness of technical measures can we effectively avoid the accidental release of the first type of hazard energy caused by management mistakes and avoid accidents. occur.

3.2 Management Control Measures

Preparing for emergencies To deal with emergencies with ease, we need a thorough emergency plan, a rigorous emergency response organization, a capable emergency response team, a sensitive alarm system, and a complete emergency rescue facility. Unit according to actual needs, should be developed without full-time professional rescue teams, including: emergency repair teams, medical and rescue teams, voluntary fire brigade, communications security team, security teams, rescue teams are the backbone of emergency rescue units responsible for each Disposal of major accidents. We can establish management control procedures from the following aspects:

1 ) Establish and improve rules and regulations for hazardous source control management. Based on the identification and evaluation of hazard sources, the rules and regulations for the management of various hazard sources have been established and improved. The hazard source management system includes the responsibility system for production safety, implementation rules for major hazard source control, safety operation procedures, training system, handover system, inspection system, information feedback system, dangerous operation approval system, emergency measures for abnormal situations, and safety assessment rewards and punishments system. Various management systems. 2 ) Define safety responsibilities and perform regular safety inspections. The responsible persons at all levels shall be determined for the management of various hazards in the construction process, and the specific responsibilities of each of them shall be clarified so that safety responsibilities can be fulfilled. In particular, it is necessary to clarify the responsibilities of the units at all levels to periodically inspect the danger sources belonging to the region, including daily self-checks by construction personnel, regular inspections by functional departments, and non-periodic inspections by business leaders. 3 ) Strengthen daily management and control of hazard sources. Do a good job of safe duty work, daily safety inspection work and correct operation according to operating procedures. All activities should be carefully documented so that the control of the hazard source can be performed in an orderly manner at all times to ensure effective control of the hazard source and its triggering factors. 4 ) Establish a security feedback system. Do a good job of information feedback, timely deal with the problems found, establish a sound information feedback system, and formulate information feedback systems. For the problems found in the inspection, according to the nature and severity of the inspection, information feedback and rectification at all levels shall be implemented according to the provisions, and records shall be made of the rectification; if any major hidden dangers are discovered, the competent leaders shall be promptly reported to the organization for emergency disposal. 5 ) Improve assessment and rewards and control of hazardous source control management. All aspects of hazardous source control management should formulate relevant assessment criteria, conduct regular assessments and evaluations, award or punish, and increase requirements year by year to promote the The project organization has continuously improved its management of hazard sources.

3.3 Human Behavior Control Measures

1 ) Strengthen education and training, and enhance construction workers' safety awareness and self-protection capabilities. Enhance the safety awareness and safety knowledge of construction workers in all processes. Skilled operating skills, regular and specialized safety education and training for relevant leaders and personnel involved in hazard management. The training content includes : the significance of hazard management; identification and evaluation of hazard sources for construction projects ; triggering conditions and control measures for hazard sources ; daily work of hazard source management and emergency response handling. 2 ) Standardization of job operations. According to the hazard sources and characteristics involved in each type of work and each construction stage, reasonable safety operation procedures and operation instructions are formulated. Through specialized training and education, the post safety operation regulations and work instructions are truly implemented. The construction company's post-safety operation procedures and operation instructions shall be regularly checked and corrected according to the construction progress and actual conditions.

4 Conclusion

The thesis has carried on the thorough discussion in the hazard source management and control through the theoretical analysis of the dangerous source, and from the technical control measures, management control measures and human behavior control to the construction of the hazard source management and control, hoping to effectively improve the safety of construction accidents in our country. And improve the safety production status of construction companies.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.