Cinnamon is the dry bark of Cinnamomum cassia Presl, which is also known as oyster, gui, and osmanthus. Its branches (guizhi), young fruit (guizi) can also be used as medicine. Cinnamon is a precious Chinese medicine and condiment. It has the functions of warming kidney and nourishing yang, dispelling cold and relieving pain. The cassia oil distilled from the leaves of laurel leaves is a synthetic raw material of precious spices and various organic spices, and is medicinal. Today, cassia oil has been used in large quantities in the catering industry. Its wood is a good material for furniture. Mainly produced in Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang and Hunan, Jiangxi is also cultivated.
(1) Morphological characteristics of evergreen trees, 12 to 17 meters high. Leaves alternate; leaf blade oblong or lanceolate, entire, leathery, main veins. Panicles terminal or axillary; flowers small, perianth 6, yellowish white; stamens 9; ovary 1-loculed. The berry is oval in shape and is purple-black when cooked. Flowering period from May to July, fruit ripening period is 2-3 months.
(2) Growth habits Cinnamon seedlings have developed main roots and lateral roots sparse. In the early years, the main stems are more developed and the lateral branches grow slowly. The height of the tree, after 2-3 years of growth, gradually accelerated, and gradually slowed down to near maturity. Seedlings, solidified in 10-11 years. Generally, the recession begins in 100-120 years. The sprouting plant grows rapidly in the early stage and begins to decline in 70-80 years. For example, before harvesting, the short forest operation can maintain the germination renewal more than 10 times, and the age can last for more than 100 years.
Cinnamon flowers are arboreal flowers. Under normal circumstances, the rate of achievement is 25%-30%. When the seeds are ripe in autumn, the germination rate can reach more than 90%. After the seeds are dried or dried, they are easy to lose their germination ability. The production should be carried out with the use of low-temperature sand.
Cinnamon enjoys a warm, humid climate, suitable for tropical and subtropical warm climates, avoids stagnant water and is not resistant to drought.
(3) Cultivation techniques
1. The land selection and soil preparation nursery should be selected in sandy loam with good drainage, moist and fertile soil, deep soil and loose soil. The slope is close to the southeast and close to the water source to facilitate drought resistance during drought. After the selection, it is necessary to plow the hoe for 2-3 times, and at the same time, apply organic fertilizer such as manure or compost, and then make a sorghum with a width of l-1.2 m and a height of 15-20 cm.
Cinnamon forest land should be selected in the southeast slope where the sun is full and there is no cold wind. The soil is deep, fertile and loose, well drained, and there is no erosion in the middle of the mountain. It is slightly acidic sandy loam.
2. Breeding method
(l) This method is mainly used in nursery production.
1 sowing seedlings should be planted with the best. Seeds were soaked in 0.3% formalin for 30 minutes before sowing. On-demand, the line spacing is 20-25 cm, the plant spacing is 6-9 cm, and the soil is about 2 cm. The seeding rate per acre is 16-18 kg. The bed is covered with grass and moisturized. It is watered five times every 4-5 days. After germination and unearthing 20-30 days after sowing, the grass can be uncovered and then covered with shade. Afforestation can be achieved with an annual seedling height of 20 cm and a ground diameter of 0.5 cm or more.
2 Meng 蘖 蘖 蘖 育 æ¤ æ¤ æ¤ æ¤ æ¤ æ¤ æ¤ æ¤ æ¤ æ¤ æ¤ æ¤ æ¤ æ¤ æ¤In the first part of April, the germination of 1-2 years old, 1.5-2 meters high and 2-3.5 cm in diameter was selected in the germination plant. At the close ground surface, the skin was treated, and then the soil was promoted to promote rooting. It can be transplanted after 1 year.
(2) Afforestation time is appropriate before and after the spring equinox. 500 kg of pig manure per hectare and 50 kg of superphosphate. Afforestation density varies depending on the operation of the dwarf plant or the operation of the tree. The plant spacing of the dwarf plant is l-1.2 m, the row spacing is 1.2-1.5 m, and the row spacing of the arbor forest is 4-5 m and 5-6 m respectively, and the planting hole size is 50 cm × 50 cm × 40 cm.
3. After the cultivation and management of seedlings are planted, they should be covered and shaded in time, and the intercropping of forest crops or shade crops can be carried out within 2-3 years after planting. Xia Qiu pays attention to sedge, and topdressing in winter. By strengthening the management of tending, the cork can be peeled off in 5 years.
4. Pest Control
(1) Root rot disease in the rainy season, in the poorly drained nursery, the prevention and treatment methods: 1 to prevent water accumulation; 2 timely discovery of the diseased plant and removal of burning, with lime to disinfect the surface.
(2) Brown leaf spot of cinnamon leaves occurs from April to May, which is harmful to new leaves and can be sprayed with Bordeaux mixture.
(3) Cinnamon wood moth is one of the main pests of cinnamon. Control method: 1 During the incubation period of its larva, it can be sprayed with 50% phosphorus amine emulsifiable concentrate l000-1500 times liquid or 2.5% enemy killing 4000 times liquid, once every 10 days, a total of 2-3 times; 2 spray with Beauveria bassiana Powder control; 3 combined with pruning, cut off the victim.
(4) Leafworm larvae in the summer and autumn, a few leaves curled into a nest, lurking in it, eating seedling leaves. Control method: 1 Spray with 1000 times liquid of trichlorfon or 1500 times of 80% dichlorvos emulsion.
(5) Cinnamon brown beetle larvae damage control method: 1 In summer and autumn, wire is inserted into the larvae of the trunk larvae, stabbing the larvae, or using the dichlorvos to insert the wormholes; in early 24th, the adults were found to be artificially killed.
(4) Harvesting and processing
The purpose of the short forest operation is to produce leaf steamed oil and produce products such as Guitong and Guixin. After 3-5 years of afforestation, the average peeling of cinnamon can be 40-50 kg per acre, and at the same time, 1.5-1.7 kg of steamed leaves can be harvested every year. The time of picking and peeling of cinnamon is suitable in late March. At this time, the bark is easily peeled off, and the hair roots sprout quickly.
The purpose of the arbor work is to cultivate cinnamon, cinnamon and seeds. After 15-20 years after afforestation, the cassia peel is harvested and harvested in 2-3 months, and the quality is poor. The harvest from July to August is called Qiugui, and the quality is good. In July and August, peeling is not easy to peel off. In late June, one bark of bark is peeled off at the base of the tree. It can increase the accumulation of oil in the phloem and facilitate the peeling.
After harvesting, the cassia should be processed and the processing specifications are as follows:
1. Cinnamon peeled from all sides for more than 10 years, cut at both ends, sandwiched in wooden embossed plates, dried.
2. Plate cinnamon will be sandwiched in cinnamon, dried to eighty-nine percent dry, taken out of the vertical and horizontal stack pressure, dry and Serve.
3. Guan Hang (Guitong) Strip the skin and thick branches of 5-6 years old saplings, dry them for 1-2 days, and roll them into a tube-like shade.
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