After the application of glyphosate by farmers' friends, rice fields are prone to cause phytotoxicity, which makes farmers' friends very headaches. So how to solve them? Now Xiaobian will share the rescue measures.
Glyphosate is a herbicide that cannot be used in paddy fields. At a normal herbicidal concentration of 1000 ppm, the rice plants can be chlorotic and die early. At a lower concentration of 300 ppm, rice does not exhibit fading and stalking, but causes a series of allergic reactions in rice plants.
1. Caused the rice heading to be severely blocked, and there is no heading or deformed ear. Although some can normally head, but the rice is not strong, mostly empty. Some appear in the same position, low position and multiple spikes.
2. The tillering of plants increased, and high-node tillers and high-node roots appeared.
3. The emergence of flag leaves becomes shorter and shorter, often 1/3~2/3 shorter than normal plants, and some flag leaves are less than 5 cm in length. The damaged plants were dark green in the late growth stage and rarely had yellowing.
The agricultural technology department had observed the symptoms of low-concentration phytotoxicity of hybrid rice glyphosate and found that the tiller was damaged. The plants appeared dwarfed 4 to 5 days after the drug, the rice leaves turned yellow, the stems of the rice base began to rot, and the heart leaves withered. The vertical roll is whip-like, forming a false heart. After about 7 days, the tillers began to divide, the tillers were many, the plants were thick green, clustered, and aerial roots appeared on the base of the damaged rice. In the differentiation stage of young spikes, the growth of the main stem is inhibited, the plants become shorter, the internodes become shorter, and the aerial roots appear on the nodes, and the tillers increase, forming a multi-head condition. At the booting stage, the rice plants are often unable to head, the stems of the cobs are pale brown to brown, and the tissue is necrotic, but the rice leaves are normal and not dead. The author once observed the phenomenon of medicinal damage caused by misuse of low-concentration glyphosate in single-season late rice. It was found that the leaves of the day after the spraying in the tillering season were green, and the next day, the bundle of heart leaves was green and dry. At night, the heart leaves resumed. On the third day, the heart leaves re-wound into a false heart. On the fourth day, the heart leaves turned yellow and died, and the plants were dwarfed. After one week, the tillers of the plants increased, the greenish green clusters, and the roots grew well. After 10 days, the aerial roots appeared in the internodes of the rice stems, and the young spikes appeared at the top of the stems.
Glyphosate has increased phytotoxicity in rice production, especially for glyphosate to do small packaging and labeling work, and it is recommended to store glyphosate with a special herbicide bottle for easy identification. Farmers need to use glyphosate once, and thoroughly clean the sprayer after medication. It is best not to use it in windy days to prevent drifting hazards. Glyphosate phytotoxicity occurs in rice fields, and remedial measures must be taken immediately. Generally, the remedy effect is better after being affected by phytotoxicity at the peak of the tillering stage and early stage of panicle differentiation, and the remedy effect is not good until the booting stage, especially at the beginning of the booting stage.
Remedy:
One is to wash with muddy water. Since glyphosate loses its activity quickly after encountering the soil, the paddy field water can be stirred into mud, and the rice plant can be washed with muddy water to reduce the phytotoxicity.
The second is to wash the seedlings. In the low-lying paddy fields, the glyphosate can be poured into the water at the tip of the rice plant immediately after repeated use of glyphosate. The irrigation is repeated several times, and it is better to wash with water. This method can basically avoid losses.
The third is to spray 920 (gibberellin) to promote the growth and development of young ears. You can use 1 gram of powder of 920 mg per acre, first add a small amount of alcohol to dissolve, and then add 50~60 kg of water to spray. When spraying 920 °, you can add 100-120 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 1 branch of foliar treasure (5 ml) per acre in the liquid. After 7 days, apply 5~7.5 kg of urea per acre of field to promote rice. Post-disaster conversion. The remedial effect is closely related to the growth period of rice, and the growth period is early, the remedial effect is good, and vice versa.
The main cause of the low concentration of glyphosate injury rice farmers are using pesticides and Jinggangmycin double pesticide bottles to buy glyphosate pesticide sales unit zero, because there is no label, as Jinggangmycin or insecticide use Double-killing pests prevent disease, and the dosage of each acre is 100-200 ml. It is sprayed at the ear of rice to the booting stage, so that glyphosate can promote the reproductive growth of rice. The Ministry of Agriculture and the National Health and Family Planning Commission jointly issued the national food safety standard. "Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Foods" (GB2763-2014). The maximum residue limit indicator for pesticides in China's food will increase from the current 2,293 to 3,650, with an increase of 1,357. As the only compulsory national standard for regulating pesticide residues in food in China, the promulgation and implementation of this standard marks a significant progress in the construction of the national standard system for pesticide residues in China's food, and there are standards for production, products are subject to inspection, and law enforcement has Standards can be judged, strict supervision and abuse, abuse of pesticides, to ensure that "production" of safe food and "management" of safe food is of great significance. At the same time, it will have a positive impact on transforming agricultural production methods, promoting green production, improving the international competitiveness of agricultural products (9.40, 0.00, 0.00%) and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.
The newly released "Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticide in Food" (GB2763-2014) has been significantly improved in terms of science, pertinence and practicality, and strives to use the most stringent standards for the most stringent supervision, the most severe punishment, and the most Serious accountability to ensure that the people's "security on the tongue" provides a statutory technical basis. The new standard stipulates 3,650 limit indicators for 387 pesticides in 284 foods. Compared with the Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticide in Foods (GB2763-2012) promulgated in 2012, 65 new pesticides and 43 species have been added. Class), 1357 items of limited indicators. The new release standard has the following characteristics:
First, the variety of food and agricultural products has been expanded. The new standard sets a residue limit for a variety of pesticides for 284 types of food and agricultural products, covering vegetables, fruits, grains, oils and fats, sugars, beverages, seasonings, nuts, edible fungi, mammalian meat. 12 major crops or products such as eggs, poultry and meat. In addition to conventional grains, vegetables, and fruits, the limit value of pesticide residues for primary processed products such as juice, preserved fruit, and dried fruits was first formulated, which basically covered the types of foods that people often consume.
The second is to cover the varieties of pesticides commonly used in agricultural production. In order to prevent and control the damage of various pests and diseases to crops, the number of pesticides frequently used in different regions and different crops in China is about 350, and the new standard sets the maximum residue limit for 387 pesticides, which basically covers the common pesticide varieties. The coverage will be further expanded in the future.
Third, the focus has been on increasing the limited standards for fresh produce such as vegetables and fruits.
Aiming at the problem of excessive pesticide residues in fresh agricultural products such as vegetables, fruits and tea, the problem is frequent and easy to issue. The new standard focuses on the pesticide residue limit of fresh food products, which is 115 vegetable species (categories) and 85 fruit species (classes). A total of 2,495 limited standards were established, an increase of 904 limit standards compared to the 2012 version. The new vegetable and fruit limited edition accounted for 67% of the total new limit, of which 473 pesticide residues were increased by 473 items, and the maximum residue limit of pesticides on vegetables (including edible fungi) increased by 431 items.
Fourth, the new standard is basically in line with international standards. Among the newly released standards, the International Codex Alimentarius Commission has established 1999 standards. Among them, 1811 national standards are equivalent to or stricter than the International Codex Alimentarius standards, accounting for 90.6%. In the standard setting process, the limited number of standards were notified to the member states of the World Trade Organization (WTO), accepted the comments of the member states, and gave a scientific and convincing explanation for the comments made.
It is understood that in order to ensure the scientific and practical standards, the pesticide residue limit standards are based on pesticide toxicology data, China's pesticide residue field trial data, China's residents' dietary consumption data and domestic agricultural product market monitoring data, after a scientific risk assessment customized. In the process of formulation, opinions of the public, agricultural production and import and export enterprises, relevant industry associations and relevant industry departments were also widely consulted.
The new standard will be implemented on August 1, 2014, and the Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Food (GB2763-2012) will be abolished at the same time. Damage, often leading to rice granules.
Suggestions for this small series:
First, the pesticide manufacturers are required to strictly follow the pesticide registration requirements, strictly manage the trademarks, and do a good job in small packaging and labeling of glyphosate, and promote the preparation of special herbicide bottles for easy identification;
Second, the pesticide sales department cannot purchase the glyphosate package and dismantle the supply so as not to cause the farmers to misuse;
Third, farmers should not store glyphosate in their households. Glyphosate should be purchased as needed. Once used, the sprayer should be thoroughly cleaned after use.
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