There are more than 300 million children under the age of 16 in China, including 171 million under 6 years old, and 171 million from 7 years old to 16 years old, accounting for 1/4 of the national population. With the development of the economy, people's living standards and living conditions have improved, more and more children have their own independent rooms. In order to create a good environment for children to develop, parents have purchased children's furniture. In the weak background of the furniture market, young parents are very willing to choose a wide range of children's furniture, the sales of various types of children's furniture products on the market is on the rise. According to statistics, the proportion of children's furniture in the domestic furniture market is only about 5%, and there are less than 200 professional children's production enterprises with brands. This is highly disproportionate to the proportion of children with a quarter of the population, and the children's furniture market has enormous potential and space.
Children's homes have the commonality of general wood furniture, but more attention should be paid to the personality of children's furniture. Children's furniture is a category of furniture with special requirements. Many furniture companies promote children's furniture brands and develop children's furniture products with the theme of “fashionâ€, “environmental protection†and “safetyâ€. Many children's furniture in the market only have bright colors and look like children's furniture. The design, materials and adult furniture are not much different. Especially in terms of product structure and product safety, there are no effective protection measures for children's health and safety. However, the current national furniture standards and furniture industry standards also lack the normative technical standards for children's furniture products, resulting in the current uneven quality of children's furniture products in the furniture market. According to the results of special inspections of children's furniture on the market by relevant departments, the overall qualification rate of children's furniture is not high, especially the safety of products is not optimistic. The national standard GB28007-2011 "General Technical Conditions for Children's Furniture" for children's furniture was promulgated on October 31, 2011 and will be implemented on August 1, 2012. General Technical Conditions for Children's Furniture. It is one of the few furniture with mandatory national standards, which fills the gaps in the general technical requirements for children's furniture at home and abroad, covering children's furniture products made of various materials. The national quality professional quality inspection organization has a new basis for the quality monitoring of children's furniture. Children's furniture design, materials and adult homes have many differences, the product structure, safety and other aspects of children's furniture need to be particularly emphasized. The following are the safety design, technology and process measures for children's furniture.
Design security
The design of children's furniture naturally has to adapt to the characteristics of children. The shape of furniture, the color of furniture and the furniture of adults are different. Children's furniture design has many themes and highlights, but the safety of children's furniture design products should pay special attention. For the national standard GB28007-2011 "General Technical Conditions for Children's Furniture" to be implemented, the safety of children's furniture design should pay attention to the following aspects.
1 Edge and tip treatment of children's furniture
According to the characteristics of children's special movement and poor control ability, children's furniture products can not have sharp edges and sharp tips, edge parts and edges must be chamfered or rounded. The standard stipulates that “the product should not be dangerous. Sharp edges and dangerous sharp tips. The corners and edges should be rounded or chamfered. The contactable dangerous corners of the product below 1600 mm from the ground should be rounded and rounded. The radius is not less than 10 mm, or the length of the inverted arc is not less than 15 mm" (see the circle in Figure 1).
2 protrusions of children's furniture
Children's furniture should not have protrusions, and the protrusions are extremely prone to the danger of children's impact. If protrusions are designed for a certain need, effective measures should be designed to protect them from the risk of child impact.
3 Holes and gaps in children's furniture
According to the characteristics of children's active movement, children's furniture should avoid the existence of holes and gaps close to the size of children's fingers. In the standard, the diameter and clearance of holes and gaps with a depth of more than 10 mm should be less than 6 mm or greater than or equal to 12 mm. This will avoid hurting children's fingers.
4 vents for furniture
According to the precedent that children are easy to suffocate in a small space, it is important to pay attention to the handling of children's furniture in the storage space for children. The storage space is a function of the use of children's furniture and is also an insecure factor in children's furniture. The standard stipulates that when the furniture product has a non-breathable confined space (such as the space formed by the door or cover and other parts), and the closed continuous space is larger than 0.03 cubic meters, and the internal size is greater than or equal to 150 mm, the product design must be made. For safe handling, you can choose between the following two treatment methods:
Two venting holes having an opening area larger than 25 × 25 mm (650 mm 2 ) should be provided. The two ventilation openings should not be obstructed, and the two venting holes can be extended into an integrated ventilation opening of equivalent area. The design of the venting holes should take into account the actual use of children's furniture. In actual use, the venting holes should not be obstructed and the ventilation should be poor.
Doors, covers and devices that are airtight and confined in a continuous space cannot be equipped with an automatic locking mechanism, and the opening direction of such doors and covers must be from a confined space to an open space, and the opening force of the door and the cover is not too large, and should be less than 45 N. .
5 Product stability
Children's furniture should pay special attention to the stability of the product. The center of gravity of children's furniture should be low and not high, and various tests for instability should be made. Before the production of each newly designed children's furniture product, the stability of the product should be strictly verified to prevent the child from overturning and causing the child to overturn and injure the child.
6 Dimensions of parts
Avoid the use of small-sized parts in the design of children's furniture. The installation of small-sized spare parts in children's furniture for younger ages is prone to falling off parts and eating by children. Small-sized parts and connectors in children's furniture must be installed firmly and equipped with anti-back measures to prevent accidents.
Process safety
In the production of children's furniture, the process should be arranged in strict accordance with the design requirements. Production and process should mainly pay attention to the following aspects.
1 Processing technology should be suitable for children's characteristics
In order to make children's furniture more suitable for the use of children's consumers, all accessible surfaces of the product must be sandblasted to eliminate burrs to ensure smooth surface feel and improve product affinity.
2 to ensure the functionality and effectiveness of components
It is necessary to ensure the function of each component in children's furniture. Parts should be free from deformation, breakage, cracking, etc. The fixed parts and connected parts should not be loose.
In order to avoid accidents during the use of folding mechanism, crushing, cut and pinching children, the standard stipulates that except for doors, covers, push-pull parts and their hardware, the product should not be dangerously squeezed or sheared under normal use load. Cut-off point. If the product has a folded structure or bracket, a safety stop or locking device should be installed to prevent accidental movement or folding.
3 Assembly quality meets the requirements of children's furniture
Push-pull parts such as drawers and keyboard holders in the product should have anti-pulling devices to prevent accidental pull-out of children.
All high-top tables and cabinets with a height greater than 600 mm shall be provided with attachments for the fixed product on the building and shall be clearly stated in the instructions for use.
The standard stipulates that the closing force of the flap or flap in children's furniture products should be greater than or equal to 8 cattle. The movable parts (doors, drawers, etc.) should be flexible; the hardware should be free from obvious deformation, damage or falling off.
Children's furniture products should be such that glass parts should not be used in areas accessible to children. The height of the control is generally 1 600 mm above the ground or 1 600 mm above the height of the child's standing surface.
Material safety
The safety of the materials used in children's furniture is currently of greatest concern to children's furniture consumers. The user of the children's furniture is in a long body stage and is particularly sensitive to harmful substances in the furniture. Therefore, children's furniture should strictly control the limits of harmful substances, and should comply with the General Technical Conditions for Children's Furniture and related standards.
1 Strictly control the amount of formaldehyde released
All kinds of wood-based panels are the main materials for children's furniture. Adhesives are used in the production process of MDF, particleboard, large core board, plywood, laminated timber and laminated timber, and formaldehyde is released. Select a material with a small amount of adhesive, so that the amount of formaldehyde released is relatively low, and the environmental performance is better. It is a good choice to make children's furniture with solid wood.
The formaldehyde emission of children's furniture should meet the requirements of GB18580, which is the bottom line of formaldehyde emission from furniture materials.
2 Control the limit of heavy metals
In order to fully adapt to the characteristics of children, children's furniture is generally painted with a color paint. Some paints have a high content of heavy metals, so special attention should be paid to the selection of surface coatings. Guangdong furniture quality inspection department has checked a batch of children's furniture in the market. Many children's furniture is unqualified because the harmful substances in the coating materials exceed the limit. The limit of harmful substances in children's furniture should meet the requirements of Table 1.
3 flame retardant properties
Children's furniture products shall comply with the requirements of GB 17927.1 "Evaluation of anti-ignition characteristics of upholstered furniture mattresses and sofas Part 1: Ignition source: Smoldering cigarettes". The furniture furniture products used in public places shall comply with the requirements of GB 17927.2 "Evaluation of the anti-ignition characteristics of soft furniture mattresses and sofas Part 2: Ignition source: Simulated match flames".
Packaging and service
Children's furniture products should be packaged in an effective and reliable manner to prevent bumps, scratches and stains. Products should be piled up in the process of transportation and storage, and necessary protection to prevent pollution, insects, moisture, exposure and so on.
The age of the product must be clearly indicated in the production instructions for children's furniture, namely: “3 to 6 years oldâ€, “3 years old and above†or “7 years old and aboveâ€. All high-top tables and cabinets with a height of more than 600 mm shall be provided with connectors for fixing the products on the building, and the installation and use methods shall be indicated in the instructions for use.
Warning signs are required for safety hazards. The warning characters such as “dangerousâ€, “warning†and “attention†in the warning words are not less than the black number on the fourth, and the warning content should not be less than the black number on the fifth.
If the product needs to be installed, the warnings should be marked in the instructions for use: "Attention! Only adults are allowed, children are not close".
If the product has a folding or adjustment device, the warning "Warning! Caution pinch" should be indicated in the appropriate position of the product.
If it is a swivel chair with a lifting pneumatic rod, the warning sign “Danger! Do not frequently lift and play†should be marked in the appropriate position of the product.
Conclusion
Safeguarding children's healthy growth and safe use is a top priority for children's furniture, and it is also a special concern for children's furniture manufacturers. With the implementation of the National Standards for General Technical Conditions for Children's Furniture, it has played an active role in guiding children's furniture production, safeguarding the interests of all sectors of society, improving the quality of children's furniture products, and promoting the healthy and orderly development of the industry. With the increase in consumer demand, the children's furniture market will have greater development.
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