In recent years, China has attached great importance to the comprehensive utilization of straw, established a coordination mechanism for comprehensive utilization of straw, studied the relevant policies and major issues in advancing comprehensive utilization of straw, and successively introduced a series of policies to further promote the comprehensive utilization of straw and the prohibition of burning. Although the comprehensive utilization of straw has achieved certain results, there are still problems such as difficulty in storage and transportation of straw, lack of supporting agricultural machinery, imperfect operating standards, the constraints of the storage and transportation system on the development of the industry, and the need to further improve the utilization technology. To this end, Yu Zhengsheng, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, chaired the 52nd bi-weekly symposium in Beijing on the afternoon of July 7th. Members at the meeting made suggestions and suggestions on "enhancing the comprehensive utilization of crop straws." Straw preparation of biogas for energy use is one of the important means for comprehensive utilization of straw.
At present, the main raw materials for anaerobic digestion and biogas production in China are livestock and poultry manure and industrial organic wastewater waste slag, and the technology for preparing biogases from such raw materials is mature. However, straw biogas technology is not yet mature, and the complex wood fiber structure is the main factor that hinders its biodegradation and utilization. Unbalanced nutrition structure (C/N) and the floating of wet fermentation raw material are obstacles to the large-scale application of straw biogas. . Because straw can't find an effective outlet, straw burning is always difficult to completely solve. Therefore, for the bottleneck of anaerobic digestion of straw to prepare biogas, it is necessary to study low-cost and low-energy straw pretreatment technology, develop anaerobic digestion technology that adapts to the characteristics of straw raw materials, and increase the degradation rate and gas production rate of straw raw materials. Shorten the fermentation residence time and increase the stability of the anaerobic digestion system.
Aiming at the technical bottleneck of biogas production from anaerobic digestion of straw, Li Dong, an associate researcher at the Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, from the aspects of anaerobic hydrolysis and methanogenesis kinetics of straw, methanogenic process of straw enhanced hydrolysis, mixed digestion of straw and feces, etc. Conduct related research. The anaerobic hydrolysis of straw and the kinetics of methanogenesis have been completed in the earlier stage. The relevant results have been published in Energy. Based on the research of anaerobic hydrolysis of straw and methanogenesis kinetics, a new biogas production process of anaerobic digestion of anaerobic digestion-hydrothermal treatment-high temperature anaerobic digestion (MHT) straw was proposed. The characteristics of the process are: The anaerobic digestion was carried out at medium temperature, and the soluble sugars, easily hydrolyzed hemicellulose and hydrolyzable cellulose were methanated, followed by high temperature hydrothermal treatment to strengthen the hydrolysis of the lignocellulose structure, and finally subjected to high temperature anaerobic digestion. The method not only improves the hydrolysis efficiency of the lignocellulosic structure, but also avoids the further degradation of soluble carbohydrates under high temperature conditions to generate anaerobic digestion inhibitors such as hydroxymethylfurfural, and also avoids the dissolution of soluble sugars and amino acids/proteins at high temperatures. The Maillard reaction products are generated under conditions that consume anaerobic digestion of available methanogenic carbon sources. Compared with traditional anaerobic digestion at medium temperature, the methane yield is increased by 20%. Compared with the traditional high-temperature anaerobic digestion, the methane yield is increased by 17%. Compared with the previous hydrothermal treatment and intermediate anaerobic digestion, the methane yield is increased. 31%. The MHT process can be combined with a biogas-fired combined heat and power (CHP) process, and the residual heat of the biogas-fired power generation can be used for the hydrothermal treatment of straw and the temperature-increasing heat preservation of anaerobic digestion at medium and high temperatures.
The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the National Science and Technology Support Program. The related results were published in Bioresource Technology.
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