Bamboo plants grow fast and have high yields, and they can be harvested quantitatively every year, which plays an important role in economic development. Therefore, bamboo is called "poor wood" in India. Bamboo has a wide range of uses, which can be summarized as traditional uses, modern uses, paper making and waste utilization.
1. Traditional use
(1) Take advantage of its cutting properties: weaving utensils, bamboo curtains, bamboo mats, bamboo sheds, bamboo hedges, fan bones, umbrella bones, lanterns, etc .;
(2) Use its load capacity: Yan rafters, drying poles, flag poles, stretchers, scaffolds, bamboo beds, bamboo chopsticks, ore pillars, beam pillars, doors and windows, floors, bamboo bridges, bamboo rafts and other furniture, appliances;
(3) Lijiaqi's elasticity: bow, crossbow, fishing rod, etc .;
(4) Use its resistance: bed post, machine feet, walking stick, umbrella handle, pole, bamboo nails, bamboo hoop, etc .;
(5) Make use of its hollow features: waterwheels, buckets, water pipes, chimneys, blowpipes, bamboo bottles, air, flutes and other musical instruments;
(6) Take advantage of its appearance characteristics: bamboo ropes, languis, crafts, toys, etc.
In fact, the extensive use of bamboo materials is endless. Taking the ethnic minorities in western Yunnan and southern Yunnan as examples, their ancestors passed on bamboo habits, living in bamboo houses, paving bamboo mats, wearing bamboo hats, burning bamboo salaries, eating bamboo shoots Living in a bamboo building, using bamboo chopsticks, bridging bamboo to replace bamboo, cutting bamboo as a raft, and making bamboo for flood control . Celebrate the "high rise" of the Dai New Year (Water Songkran). It is a clay rocket made of bamboo slips. It is worth mentioning that the bamboo tuber rice cooked by the young bamboo stalks of the Dai people has a unique style and is one of the special ways of using bamboo.
The bamboo house of the Dai family in Xishuangbanna is made of bamboo. In addition to the roof and sometimes the row of grass, columns, girders, trabeculars, rafters, baffles, stalls, etc., the bamboo house should be all the bamboo produced in Xishuangbanna. Legend has it that the Dai family did not build a house in ancient times, and most of them lived in caves or dwelled in trees. Later, Pasanyatuti saw a phoenix with gorgeous feathers and flew in front of him in the rain. He imitated the wings of the phoenix to form the ridge of the roof into a glyph; imitated the feet of the phoenix to stand upright and divided the room into two levels; imitated the phoenix to sweep the tail and covered the human-shaped roof with thatch or bamboo, thus designing to build a two-story bamboo building Passed down from generation to generation. So the descendants called the bamboo tower "Paya Samutti's house".
With the development of economy and culture, there are not many bamboos built in the whole building, but people still call them bamboo buildings. This is not only a habit problem, but also contains the infinite attachment of the Dai people to the bamboo building It also illustrates the long history of bamboo folk use. The bamboo house where the Dai family lives has the characteristics of warm winter and cool summer, moisture-proof and shock-proof, simple and elegant. A bamboo building is covered in green bamboo bushes, forming a unique national bamboo culture.
2. Modern use
The development of science and technology has opened up new ways for the continuous use of bamboo. Foreign countries began to develop bamboo plywood in the 1940s, and successively built bamboo fiberboard and veneer production lines, while China's bamboo processing has been stuck in traditional projects, with backward technology and monotonous products. In the past 10 years, the state and governments at all levels have stepped up financial support for bamboo production, industry management, and technology promotion. China ’s bamboo industry has risen quietly. Replacing wood with bamboo. Mainly mass-produce bamboo wood-based panels, replacing all kinds of wood-based boards. The main products are: bamboo woven plywood, active bamboo layer, bamboo rotary cutting board, veneer decorative board, bamboo parquet floor, bamboo wood composite board, Bamboo sludge laminate, bamboo particle board, bamboo particle board, bamboo tile lumber board and bamboo fiber board, etc. Bamboo wood-based panels are fine-grained, not easy to crack and deform, and have the advantages of compressive, tensile, and bending resistance. Each performance index is higher than that of commonly used wood. According to incomplete statistics, in the southern provinces and regions rich in bamboo resources such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong and Sichuan, hundreds of bamboo-based wood panel enterprises have been established, with an annual output of more than 50,000 cubic meters, equivalent to an annual saving of 15 Ten thousand meters of wood. At present, bamboo wood-based panels have been widely used in construction, packaging, furniture, transportation and other industries in China. Bamboo furniture is rich in its unique beauty, and the bamboo material is easy to bend and shape, making it an ideal material for making all kinds of beautiful furniture. At present, bamboo furniture mainly includes round bamboo furniture, full bamboo glued and folded furniture, bamboo kuang panel furniture, thin veneer combination furniture and multilayer glued curved furniture. For example, Sichuan Province made the back of "Simmons" with bamboo cool mats, which has become a combination of Chinese and Western products in winter and summer. It is beautiful, comfortable and durable, adding new styles for furniture.
Bamboo is also widely used in civil engineering. China has been widely used in the construction of private houses more than 2000 years ago. So far, southern provinces still use bamboo to build semi-permanent or temporary houses, sheds and warehouses. The bamboo pavilion in the garden is connected with the corridor, which is more chic. In some foreign countries rich in bamboo, such as Bangladesh, 90% of rural houses are built with bamboo. There are many foreign literatures on the application of bamboo materials in this area. For example, FAMcClure in the United States summarized the basic methods of building materials in Central and South America, and published the book "Bamboo Building Materials" in 1953. The United Nations Ministry of Social Affairs and Economics In 1972, "Application of Bamboo and Reed in Architecture" was published. Bamboo has many uses in civil engineering, and can be roughly divided into the following categories: foundation columns, building push frames, scaffolding, and ground materials (floors). Roofing materials (bamboo tiles), walls (bamboo slab walls, fence walls), truss, earth-bamboo structure, interior decoration, bamboo water pipes, bamboo reinforced concrete, etc.
Kunming Architectural Design Institute and Kunming Architectural Company once designed a large bamboo building made of oil bamboo materials, which was exhibited at the “Natural Wonders†exhibition held in Zurich, Switzerland in 1984, attracting attention from all sides. It was rebuilt in Mottedam, The Netherlands in 1985. The building is 22.5 meters high and divided into 5 floors. It is a combination of traditional bamboo craftsmanship and modern design techniques. In 1988, they built a bamboo bridge with a span of 7.7 meters and a length of 55 meters at the 9th Garden Expo in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, which caused a sensation once again and was called "the first in Europe." Bamboo Bridge ". With the development of science and technology, China has continuously opened up new fields of bamboo utilization. Bamboo products are changing with each passing day. There are hundreds of products that have obtained the same patent. The development of industrial production of bamboo wood-based panels is particularly significant. See, it can be classified as follows: bamboo artificial board, bamboo particle board, particle board, bamboo wire board, fiberboard, bamboo plywood, bamboo plywood (trunk board), bamboo plywood (building formwork), bamboo laminate , Bamboo floor, single-layer radial board, three-layer chord board, horizontal cut panel, bamboo-wood composite board, bamboo-plastic composite board, veneer decorative board, composite board.
3. Utilization of waste
With the rapid development of the bamboo industry, various types of bamboo waste have gradually increased. In the face of insufficient forest resources, how to fully and effectively use these wastes has become an urgent issue for the comprehensive utilization of bamboo and has broad prospects. Bamboo waste mainly refers to harvesting residues and processing waste, such as scraps, fine wood shavings, bamboo branches, flowering bamboo, bamboo baskets, etc. Large-scale bamboo processing wastes have been widely used by using bamboo materials mixed with 20% to 30% of processing wastes as raw materials for pulping and papermaking. Smell yellow is the leftover product of bamboo weaving. It can be made into a new type of artificial board with a wide range of applications through the process of mat formation, drying, gluing and hot pressing.
Wood shavings bamboo waste can be used to manufacture particle board for construction, bamboo processing waste can be used to manufacture particle board and honeycomb board, bamboo woven board, bamboo particle cement board, etc. Bamboo branches and shoots are the main residues during harvesting. According to the survey, the accumulation of branches and leaves in bamboo accounts for 20% to 25% of the accumulation of stalks. It is a pity if they are discarded. Using Zhiya as raw material can produce plastic-faced bamboo particle board, and can also be used as papermaking raw material. The whole process is similar to bamboo papermaking. In addition to private use, bamboo scabbard can also be made into scoop pulp with cigarette paper. Some manufacturers have gained a more mature experience in this aspect through practice.
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