Any kind of organism, including the crops we grow, does not survive in isolation. Together with other plants, animals, and microorganisms, they form a certain biome. Further to Dali, adding environmental factors such as soil, water, temperature, and light to form a certain ecosystem, in which different organisms have different relationships, which are simply beneficial or harmful, and are related to each other.
General relationship between creatures
Our ancestors have long observed the competition between the food chain of “sucking cockroaches, the oriole in the back†and the “grass-sweet peasâ€, which refers to the situation of gram. Between soybeans and rhizobium, soybeans provide living spaces and nutrients for rhizobium. Rhizobium fixes nitrogen in the air and provides nutrients for soybeans. This is a birth. People have used these relationships in agricultural production to control pests or diseases or to increase soil fertility.
In previous studies, people pay more attention to the competition between organisms. It is a type of relationship between species and species. It refers to the competition of species living in the same region for limited resources in the surrounding environment, including light, water and nutrients. . When we recognize the competitive relationship between weeds and crops, weeding becomes an important agricultural measure, and artificial or chemical weeding can also be understood as helping people to compete with weeds.
Application of allelopathic effects
The above is a general understanding of the relationship between each other. With the continuous deepening of scientific research, people have discovered that some organisms can release special chemicals to inhibit or promote the surrounding organisms. They are also called phase-matching grams. This is a narrow-minded or professional concept of mutual phase, also called allelopathy. . To date, this effect has been found only in a small number of terrestrial plants, aquatic plants, algae, bacteria, polyps and fungi.
The use of allelopathic effects to control pests and diseases has been reported in agricultural production. For example, plants such as garlic, onions, leeks, and peppers are planted in vegetables or cotton fields, and the pungent odors or secretions produced by them can sterilize and repel pests. In the cruciferous vegetable field, crops containing alkaloids, volatile oil or other chemicals such as lettuce and peppermint can be used to repel the cabbage butterfly. Planting marigold or asparagus in an orchard can cause nematodes to infertility and reduce the rate of reproduction. Plant some golden lotuses next to pear trees and apple trees, and reduce the pests and diseases by the roots absorbing the secretions of golden lotus. Intercropping of potatoes with barley can result in high yields of barley, not only because they require different nutrients, but also because they use a layer of material that promotes the growth of barley like growth hormone. On the contrary, the roots of wheat and marijuana, mustard and linen are significantly inhibited. In-depth study of the wonderful relationship between living things, you can benefit and avoid harm, plant crops, plant crops.
The use of some special microbes to alleviate crop diseases and insect pests has a very broad prospect. Some of these substances can be directly applied to the soil as a bacterial fertilizer to inhibit soil-borne diseases; some artificially cultured, by extracting the anti-biomass released by them, to produce highly effective insecticidal and fungicides such as Jinggangmycin.
If weeds have a allergic effect in addition to competition with crops, they may pose a greater hazard. The field has grown bitter vegetables, and many of the surrounding crops, including corn, sorghum and other high-stalk crops, are yellow. The newly flooded Eupatorium adenophorum and Mikania micrantha have strong allelopathic effects. Wherever they are, other plants are inhibited, so the damage is even greater and needs to be doubled.
(Xiao Yueyan)
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