Summary and Forum The main issues of cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof materials, seek solutions.
At present, the application of cement-based osmotic crystalline waterproofing materials in underground construction waterproofing is common, but there are also many problems, including both management and technical aspects. i. Problems with pseudo-shamrock 1.1 The cement-based permeation and crystal waterproof material has been widely used in concrete body waterproof and fortification, such as building basement, due to its unique waterproof mechanism. Bridges, dams, pools, etc. However, they were subsequently disrupted by fake products, causing regular brands to gradually fall into difficulties. Some famous brands have not achieved their due development in recent years. Since the official implementation of the material's national standard in March 2002, the situation has not improved.
The main problem in management is that the material submitted for inspection is inconsistent with the actual project. Genuine and fake goods (or 'substitutes' look similar, so there are unscrupulous contractors will be the regular product inspection, on-site use of other types of cement-based waterproof coating, tamper with the column.
1.2 Solutions To completely solve the above-mentioned problem of cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof materials in engineering applications, shoddy and falsified, need material suppliers, waterproof construction teams, supervision and Party A to work together. It is more difficult to rely on one party alone.
In the market economy, Party A is a strong main body. As long as Party A takes it seriously and wants to do a good job, it will have a series of effects: it is not difficult to do so with genuine materials (material cost-effectiveness), together with supervision by the supervisors and construction. Responsibility will result in a multi-winning and benign cycle. For example, some material suppliers who value the credibility of their companies will mark each of their imported master batches from the port and take steps to track them until they are used in the project. Therefore, Party A can completely make the above request to the material supplier or the project contractor. As long as the supervisor cooperates, it can eliminate the fake product.
2 Problems in quality inspection Cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof materials currently have certain deficiencies in the testing methods prescribed by current national standards, such as long test cycles and difficult control of reference materials. In particular, the impermeability test method has no practical significance for the concrete not less than C30 commonly used in the basement, and it cannot reflect the characteristics that the material can repair cracks.
The solution is to revise the standards as soon as possible, improve the test methods, and focus on the verification of repair crack performance. It is hoped that qualified institutions or research institutes will actively carry out relevant research and conclude practical and feasible measures. In addition, when the standard test method is difficult to introduce, it is recommended that a competent professional company can first establish its own series of physical test models: different proportions of the test block concrete, simulate different widths of cracks, using different levels of water pressure, Compare the different action times, observe the condition of crack healing, and test the final impermeability at the crack. The method should be straightforward and credible, allowing Party A, design institutes, and supervisors to recognize it.
3 problems in the construction method 3.1 The main problem in the construction method of cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material is that the removal of the release agent and the curing of the mist are not in place.
The material has many uses abroad, and coating is just one of them.
The coating application requires thorough removal of the release agent and spray curing. The raw materials provided by foreign materials provided by the foreign product are mainly processed by high-pressure water and sandblasting. Because of different national conditions, these two methods are not used, and most of them use wire brushes. Whether or not the wire brush can handle the grass-roots level, what kind of operation method is used under which conditions, and to what extent it can be cleared, there is no relevant report. The author has investigated a number of engineering examples. The majority of construction workers, based on their feelings and experience, are unclear about the above issues. The effect of high-pressure water or blasting treatment on the grass-roots level has specific standards, ie, the cement-stone layer of the concrete surface should be removed to expose sand and gravel. This is not a simple removal of the release agent. But for the concrete above C30 and C30, the wire brush must do this, it is almost impossible.
As for spray curing, most of the projects have not been strictly implemented, resulting in the generation of powdery substances that seriously affect the quality of the adhering layer.
3.2 Solutions 3.2.1 Building basement, especially high-rise building basement, concrete is generally above C30, especially outside walls with pilasters, commonly used C40, in this case, it is not recommended in the exterior wall design coating, whether painted on Inside or outside.
C30 concrete vertical surface, it is also not suitable to design the waterproof layer of the coating form, unless the concrete can be poured immediately after painting, bypassing the maintenance of this point, such as the vertical construction joints ... advertising.
3.2.3 When the concrete is lower than C30, when it is in the form of a coating, the easy-cleaning water-soluble release agent must be used for the support, and specific species should be identified in the construction organization design for further test verification.
3.2.4 The waterproof level is a grade 1 basement. It is recommended that 0.8kg/m2 of cement-based permeated crystalline waterproofing material be added to the cement mortar leveling layer on the outside of the external wall; and the bottom plate and top plate shall be dry powdered, ie the concrete shall be leveled after pouring. Spread, the amount is also 0.8kg/m2, and compaction before final coagulation. At this time, the side wall and the bottom plate are waterproof, one outside and one inside, and not closed, so the overlapping width needs to be more than 1 000 mm. The general premise of the above scheme is that the main body is waterproofed with two layers of defense, that is, there is a flexible waterproof layer that is located on the water surface. The flexible waterproof layer prevents water from penetrating, so the cement-based penetrating crystalline water repellent cannot work for a while. It is normal and reasonable, and all multi-channel fortifications have the same problem.
3.2.5 If the waterproof basement is grade 2 basement, if cement-based penetrating crystal water repellent is selected, and only one body is used for waterproofing, the method is the same as above, but the baseplate shall be sprinkled with dry powder before the concrete is poured so that the water surface is completely closed. Waterproof layer.
3.2.6 When the groundwater has corrosive effect on the concrete, the main additional water proof should be two-way fortification, and there should be a cement-based penetrating crystal water-repellent agent.
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